{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]],"date-time":"2026-04-23T17:38:30Z","timestamp":1776965910798,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]],"date-time":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704067200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":5023,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clays and clay miner."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>In cases where the provenance of raw materials used in the manufacture of local archeological ceramics is of interest, a detailed study of thermal transformations of minerals may be useful. The purpose of this study was to measure mineralogical transformations of different types of clays obtained during experimental firing runs, carried out at different temperatures, with the main goal of establishing Algarve reference groups based on the composition of raw material and high-temperature mineralogy, which may be compared with ceramics in studies of provenance. Eleven samples of clay-rich raw materials from the Algarve Basin (southern Portugal) were fired to temperatures ranging from 300 to 1100\u00b0C in increments of 100\u00b0C under oxidizing conditions. These were chosen to have variable chemical and mineralogical compositions, representing the main compositional range of the clay deposits from the region. Mineralogical and geochemical characterizations of the original clays were carried out by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF), respectively. Mineral transformations on the fired products were also studied by XRD.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Three groups of clays were distinguished according to the type of neoformed high-temperature minerals: (1) non-calcareous clays; (2) clays containing calcite as the only carbonate; and (3) clays with dolomite or dolomite + calcite. Firing of non-calcareous clays produced mullite at 1100\u20131200\u00b0C. Gehlenite and wollastonite formed by firing calcite-rich clays above 900\u00b0C, accompanied by anorthite or larnite in samples with small or large calcite contents, respectively. Firing of dolomite-rich clays at temperatures &gt;900\u00b0C yielded a member of the gehlenite-\u00e5kermanite group and diopside. Anorthite, enstatite, periclase, forsterite, and monticellite may also form in the firing products.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1346\/ccmn.2010.0580205","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,5,30]],"date-time":"2010-05-30T22:55:55Z","timestamp":1275260155000},"page":"188-204","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":74,"title":["Firing Tests on Clay-Rich Raw Materials from the Algarve Basin (Southern Portugal): Study of Mineral Transformations with Temperature"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"58","author":[{"given":"Maria Jos\u00e9","family":"Trindade","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Maria Isabel","family":"Dias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Coroado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Fernando","family":"Rocha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0009860400035904_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-83980-1_25"},{"key":"S0009860400035904_bib48","unstructured":"Viegas, C. , 2006 O Forno romano da Manta Rota (Algarve) Produ\u00e7\u00e3o e com\u00e9rcio de Preparados Piscicolas durante a Proto-Hist\u00f3ria e a \u00c9poca Romana no Ocidente da Peninsula Ib\u00e9rica 177\u2013196."},{"key":"S0009860400035904_bib37","volume-title":"Pottery Analysis: A Sourcebook","author":"Rice","year":"1987"},{"key":"S0009860400035904_bib38","first-page":"1","article-title":"Quantitative interpretation of mineralogical composition from X-ray and chemical data for the Pierre Shale","author":"Schultz","year":"1964","journal-title":"United States Geological Survey, Professional Paper"},{"key":"S0009860400035904_bib39","unstructured":"Terrinha, P. , 1998 Structural geology and tectonic evolution of the Algarve basin, south Portugal ."},{"key":"S0009860400035904_bib3","first-page":"199","volume-title":"Les amphores Lusitaniennes. 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