{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]],"date-time":"2026-01-28T20:11:07Z","timestamp":1769631067409,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,2,23]],"date-time":"2011-02-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1298419200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["British J Clinic Psychol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Objectives.<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u2003Olfactory hallucinations (OHs) are underrepresented in conventional clinical instruments, infrequently researched, and poorly understood. To advance understanding of OHs, we examined their past\u2010month prevalence and co\u2010occurring symptoms in two datasets.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Design.<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u2003One dataset comprised categorical codes and was examined using homogeneity analysis and logistic regression; the other dataset comprised numeric ratings and was examined using principal components analyses and linear regression.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Method.<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u2003The two datasets included: (1) 962 cases with Present State Examination \u2013 9th Edition (PSE\u20109), codes (recoded present\/absent) from the World Health Organization 10 Country (WHO\u201010) Study and (2) 265 cases with ratings on Scales for Assessing Positive\/Negative Symptoms of Schizophrenia (SAPS\/SANS). Two PSE\u20109 items (external\u2010 and self\u2010smells) were recoded into a single OH item to examine consistency with the SAPS\/SANS dataset, which contained a single OH item.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Results.<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u2003Prevalence of OHs and hallucinations in other modalities differed according to the WHO\u201010 international centre. Across centres, OHs were present in 13% of the WHO\u201010 dataset, similar to the 17% prevalence rate in the SAPS\/SANS dataset. Referential\/control delusions and other hallucinations (particularly, somatic\/tactile\/gustatory hallucinations) were significant independent correlates of OHs in both datasets. OHs also co\u2010occurred with social anxiety and depression in the WHO\u201010 dataset, with self\u2010smells being particularly associated with self\u2010depreciation.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusions.<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u2003Sociocultural factors may modulate the self\u2010reporting and\/or detection of OHs and hallucinations in other modalities. Referential\/control delusions promote the generation and\/or maintenance of OHs independent of factors shared with other hallucinations. OHs and hallucinations of taste, touch, and bodily sensation frequently co\u2010occur. Self\u2010smells warrant sensitive probing.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1348\/014466510x500837","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,5,14]],"date-time":"2010-05-14T00:07:09Z","timestamp":1273795629000},"page":"145-163","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Clinical correlates of olfactory hallucinations in schizophrenia"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"50","author":[{"given":"Robyn","family":"Langdon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jonathan","family":"McGuire","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Stevenson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stanley V.","family":"Catts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,2,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2005.08.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-5618.2004.00175.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.107.1.82"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbj013"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.146.4.526"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.160.10.1790"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1080\/21674086.1932.11925133","article-title":"The sense of smell in the neuroses and psychoses","volume":"1","author":"Brill A. 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