{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T17:07:51Z","timestamp":1791824871036,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,12,31]],"date-time":"2010-12-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1293753600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2159,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["British J Health Psychol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Objectives.<\/jats:bold>\n                    This study reports an application of the health belief model (HBM) to the prediction of breast self\u2010examination (BSE) among women with a family history of breast cancer. The study also considered the influence of breast cancer worries and past behaviour.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Methods.<\/jats:bold>\n                    Eight hundred and thirty\u2010three women completed questionnaires, based on the HBM, to assess their beliefs about breast cancer and BSE. Of these women, 567 were followed\u2010up at 9 months when BSE frequency was assessed.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Results.<\/jats:bold>\n                    Discriminant function analysis was employed to discriminate among infrequent, appropriate and excessive BSE. Two functions were calculated which were predictive of group membership. The first function maximally discriminated between the infrequent BSE group and the other two groups, with infrequent self\u2010examiners reporting a greater number of self\u2010efficacy and emotion barriers, fewer benefits and less frequent BSE at Time 1. The second function maximally discriminated between the excessive BSE group and the appropriate BSE group, with excessive self\u2010examiners reporting higher levels of breast cancer worries and perceived severity and fewer self\u2010efficacy barriers.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusions.<\/jats:bold>\n                    The results highlight the importance of focusing on excessive as well as infrequent BSE. Interventions designed to enhance women's confidence in their ability to perform BSE, coupled with attempts to reduce breast cancer worries, may encourage more appropriate and effective BSE.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1348\/135910704x24752","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,3,17]],"date-time":"2005-03-17T23:20:48Z","timestamp":1111101648000},"page":"1-16","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":86,"title":["An application of an extended health belief model to the prediction of breast self\u2010examination among women with a family history of breast cancer"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Paul","family":"Norman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kate","family":"Brain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,12,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.166.3.3340772"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0749-5978(91)90020-T"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1300\/J013v12n02_03"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0278-6133.3.2.113"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","unstructured":"American Cancer Society(2004).Can breast cancer be found early? Retrieved 5 August 2004 from American Cancer Society Website:http:www.cancer.orgdocrootCRIcontentCRI_2_4_3X_Can_breast_cancer_be_found_early_5.asp."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","volume-title":"Be breast aware","author":"Austoker J.","year":"1991"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.326.7379.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.84.2.191"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","volume-title":"Social foundations of thought and action: A cognitive social theory","author":"Bandura A.","year":"1986"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","first-page":"1837","article-title":"Preventive health care, 2001 update: Should women be routinely taught breast self\u2010examination to screen for breast cancer?","volume":"164","author":"Baxter N.","year":"2001","journal-title":"Canadian Medical Association Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/109019817400200407"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006842-199903000-00010"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/92.16.1345"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","volume-title":"Evaluation of breast awareness training resource pack for primary care nurses: Final report","author":"Brett J.","year":"1999"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0277-9536(86)90039-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2648.1996.12820.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00012272-198404000-00011"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nur.4770080410"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nur.4770100605"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nur.4770110503"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1547-5069.1989.tb00102.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00844733"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1559-1816.1998.tb01685.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00846475"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/0887044031000141207"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","volume-title":"The psychology of attitudes","author":"Eagly A. H.","year":"1993"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.326.7391.710\/b"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2190\/2RHD-05T6-BRY0-1CEX"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3999(97)00017-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0033-3182(97)71462-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1177\/014107689008300905","article-title":"What are the psychological factors influencing attendance and non\u2010attendance at a breast screening centre?","volume":"83","author":"Fallowfield L. J.","year":"1990","journal-title":"Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(85)90014-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-3797(18)30607-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0738-3991(98)00023-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006199-198205000-00003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/her\/7.1.107"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_38_1","first-page":"1205","article-title":"Effect of breast self\u2010examination techniques on the risk of death from breast cancer","volume":"157","author":"Harvey B. J.","year":"1997","journal-title":"Canadian Medical Association Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0142(19980601)82:11<2221::AID-CNCR17>3.0.CO;2-W"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/109019818401100101"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/84.1.24"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_42_1","first-page":"151","article-title":"The effect of mass screening by physical examination combined with regular breast self examination on clinical stage and course of Japanese women with breast cancer","volume":"5","author":"Koibuchi Y.","year":"1998","journal-title":"Oncology Reports"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_43_1","first-page":"171","article-title":"Younger women at increased risk for breast cancer: Perceived risk, psychological well\u2010being, and surveillance behavior","volume":"16","author":"Lerman C.","year":"1994","journal-title":"Journal of the National Cancer Institute Monographs"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/87.4.286"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0278-6133.10.4.259"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/0887044021000019358"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_47_1","first-page":"710","article-title":"Editorial misses central point","volume":"326","author":"Manasciewicz R.","year":"2003","journal-title":"British Medical Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006199-198605000-00017"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1037\/0278-6133.15.6.430","article-title":"Breast cancer worry and screening: Some prospective data","volume":"15","author":"McCaul K. D.","year":"1996","journal-title":"Health Psychology"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)76434-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0277-9536(87)90291-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2044-8260.1993.tb01032.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_53_1","first-page":"197","volume-title":"Predicting health behavior","author":"Norman P.","year":"1996"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1348\/135910703762879219"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0146167297239004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.124.1.54"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08870448708400333"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08870449808406750"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1559-1816.1989.tb01240.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08870448908400385"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/109019818801500203"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_62_1","first-page":"175","article-title":"Breast self examination compliance and the health belief model","volume":"15","author":"Rutledge D. N.","year":"1988","journal-title":"Oncology Nursing Forum"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1985.03350370104033"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_64_1","first-page":"163","volume-title":"Predicting health behavior","author":"Schwarzer R.","year":"1996"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_65_1","first-page":"23","volume-title":"Predicting health behavior","author":"Sheeran P.","year":"1996"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_66_1","first-page":"168","article-title":"Breast self examination: Do we really know what we think we know?","volume":"3","author":"Smith R. A.","year":"2003","journal-title":"British Medical Journal USA"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_67_1","first-page":"141","article-title":"Familial breast cancer","volume":"3","author":"Steel C. M.","year":"1992","journal-title":"Seminal Cancer Biology"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_68_1","first-page":"379","article-title":"First\u2010degree relatives of breast cancer patients: Screening practices and provision of risk information","volume":"15","author":"Stefanek M. E.","year":"1991","journal-title":"Cancer Detection and Prevention"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_69_1","first-page":"591","article-title":"Breast self\u2010examination proficiency and training effects: Women at increased risk of breast cancer","volume":"1","author":"Stefanek M. E.","year":"1992","journal-title":"Cancer, Epidemiology, Biomarkers and Prevention"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_70_1","volume-title":"Using multivariate statistics","author":"Tabachnick B. G.","year":"1996"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/94.19.1445"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_72_1","volume-title":"Breast cancer screening","author":"Vaionio H.","year":"2002"}],"container-title":["British Journal of Health Psychology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1348%2F135910704X24752","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/bpspsychub.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1348\/135910704X24752","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T17:06:57Z","timestamp":1761757617000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bpspsychub.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1348\/135910704X24752"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2005,2]]},"references-count":71,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1348\/135910704X24752"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1348\/135910704x24752","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1359-107X","2044-8287"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1359-107X","type":"print"},{"value":"2044-8287","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2005,2]]}}}