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This paper introduces a similarity measure, called the metric\u2010frequency (MF) measure, that can be applied to such data sets. If it is not known beforehand how many items will be observed, then the number of items actually observed in itself carries information. A typical feature of the MF is that it incorporates such information. The primary purpose of our measure is that it should be pragmatic, widely applicable, and tractable, even if data are complex. The MF generalizes Tversky's set\u2010theoretic measure of similarity to cases where items may be present or absent and at the same time can be numerical as with Shepard's metric measure, but need not be so. As an illustration, we apply the MF to family therapy where it cannot be predicted what issues the clients will raise in therapy sessions. The MF is flexible enough to be applicable to idiographic data.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1348\/000711008x376070","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,9,8]],"date-time":"2009-09-08T20:33:01Z","timestamp":1252441981000},"page":"663-682","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["The metric\u2010frequency measure of similarity for ill\u2010structured data sets, with an application to family therapy"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"62","author":[{"given":"C\u00e9lia M. 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