{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T17:59:20Z","timestamp":1787507960275,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"Informa UK Limited","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Early identification of behavioral risk markers for anxiety is essential to optimize long-term outcomes in children with neurodevelopmental disorders. This study analyzed attentional avoidance and its relation to anxiety and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) symptomatology during social and nonsocial fear conditions in toddlers with fragile X syndrome (FXS) and Down syndrome (DS). Toddlers with FXS and DS exhibited increased nonsocial attentional avoidance relative to typically developing (TD) toddlers. Attentional avoidance was not related to anxiety symptom severity in any group; however, higher ASD symptom severity was related to more social attentional avoidance in the FXS and TD groups. Findings suggest that there may be different underlying mechanisms driving attentional avoidance across neurodevelopmental disorders.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1352\/1944-7558-126.2.167","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,2]],"date-time":"2021-03-02T14:10:14Z","timestamp":1614694214000},"page":"167-181","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Attention Bias and Prodromal Anxiety Symptoms in Toddlers With Fragile X Syndrome and Down Syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1080","volume":"126","author":[{"given":"Kayla","family":"Smith","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Kayla Smith, Abigail L. Hogan, Elizabeth Will, and Jane E. Roberts, University of South Carolina."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abigail L.","family":"Hogan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kayla Smith, Abigail L. Hogan, Elizabeth Will, and Jane E. Roberts, University of South Carolina."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Will","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kayla Smith, Abigail L. Hogan, Elizabeth Will, and Jane E. Roberts, University of South Carolina."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jane E.","family":"Roberts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kayla Smith, Abigail L. Hogan, Elizabeth Will, and Jane E. 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M.,\n            \n            \n              Renno,\n              P.,\n            \n            \n              Kendall,\n              P. C.,\n            \n            \n              Wood,\n              J. J.,\n             &\n\t\t\t\t\t\tStorch,E. A.\n          (2017).\n\t\t\t\t\tAnxiety disorders interview schedule-autism addendum: reliability and validity in children with autism spectrum disorder.\n\t\t\t\t\tJournal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology: The Official Journal for the Society of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, American Psychological Association, Division 53, 46(1),\n\t\t\t\t\t88\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t100.\n\t\t\t\t\thttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/15374416.2016.1233501","DOI":"10.1080\/15374416.2016.1233501"},{"key":"2021030219100849200_i1944-7558-126-2-167-Kidd1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kidd,\n              S. 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C.\n          (2006).\n\t\t\t\t\tMultimethod longitudinal assessment of temperament in early childhood.\n\t\t\t\t\tJournal of Personality, 75(1),\n\t\t\t\t\t121\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t168.\n\t\t\t\t\thttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1467-6494.2006.00435.x","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-6494.2006.00435.x"},{"key":"2021030219100849200_i1944-7558-126-2-167-McDuffie1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"McDuffie,\n              A.,\n            \n            \n              Thurman,\n              A. J.,\n            \n            \n              Hagerman,\n              R. 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A.,\n            \n            \n              Avenevoli,\n              S.,\n            \n            \n              Cui,\n              L.,\n            \n            \n              Benjet,\n              C.,\n            \n            \n              Georgiades,\n              K.,\n             &\n\t\t\t\t\t\tSwendsen,J.\n          (2010).\n\t\t\t\t\tLifetime prevalence of mental disorders in U.S. adolescents: Results from the National Comorbidity Survey Replication\u2014Adolescent Supplement (NCS-A).\n\t\t\t\t\tJournal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 49(10),\n\t\t\t\t\t980\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t989.\n\t\t\t\t\thttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaac.2010.05.017","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2010.05.017"},{"key":"2021030219100849200_i1944-7558-126-2-167-Mian1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mian,\n              N. 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A.,\n            \n            \n              Collins,\n              J. S.,\n            \n            \n              Kirby,\n              R. S.,\n             &\n\t\t\t\t\t\tCorrea,A.\n          (2010).\n\t\t\t\t\tUpdated national birth prevalence estimates for selected birth defects in the United States, 2004-2006.\n\t\t\t\t\tBirth Defects Research Part A: Clinical and Molecular Teratology, 88(12),\n\t\t\t\t\t1008\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t1016.\n\t\t\t\t\thttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/bdra.20735","DOI":"10.1002\/bdra.20735"},{"key":"2021030219100849200_i1944-7558-126-2-167-Paulus1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Paulus,\n              F. W.,\n            \n            \n              Backes,\n              A.,\n            \n            \n              Sander,\n              C. S.,\n            \n            \n              Weber,\n              M.,\n             &\n\t\t\t\t\t\tvon Gontard,A.\n          (2015).\n\t\t\t\t\tAnxiety disorders and behavioral inhibition in preschool children: A population-based study.\n\t\t\t\t\tChild Psychiatry & Human Development, 46(1),\n\t\t\t\t\t150\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t157.\n\t\t\t\t\thttp:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10578-014-0460-8","DOI":"10.1007\/s10578-014-0460-8"},{"key":"2021030219100849200_i1944-7558-126-2-167-PerezEdgar1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"P\u00e9rez-Edgar,\n              K.,\n            \n            \n              Bar-Haim,\n              Y.,\n            \n            \n              McDermott,\n              J. M.,\n            \n            \n              Chronis-Tucano,\n              A.,\n            \n            \n              Pine,\n              D. S.,\n             &\n\t\t\t\t\t\tFox,N. A.\n          (2010).\n\t\t\t\t\tAttention biases to threat and behavioral inhibition in early childhood shape adolescent social withdrawal.\n\t\t\t\t\tEmotion, 10(3),\n\t\t\t\t\t349\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t357.\n\t\t\t\t\thttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/a0018486","DOI":"10.1037\/a0018486"},{"key":"2021030219100849200_i1944-7558-126-2-167-PerezEdgar2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"P\u00e9rez-Edgar,\n              K.,\n            \n            \n              Reeb-Sutherland,\n              B. C.,\n            \n            \n              McDermott,\n              J. M.,\n            \n            \n              White,\n              L. K.,\n            \n            \n              Henderson,\n              H. A.,\n            \n            \n              Degnan,\n              K. A.,\n            \n            \n              Hane,\n              A. A.,\n            \n            \n              Pine,\n              D. S.,\n             &\n\t\t\t\t\t\tFox,N. 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R.,\n            \n            \n              Lennox,\n              N.,\n             &\n\t\t\t\t\t\tLeonard,H.\n          (2014).\n\t\t\t\t\tHealth conditions and their impact among adolescents and young adults with Down syndrome.\n\t\t\t\t\tPloS One, 9(5),\n\t\t\t\t\te96868.https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0096868","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0096868"},{"key":"2021030219100849200_i1944-7558-126-2-167-Polanczyk1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Polanczyk,\n              G. V.,\n            \n            \n              Salum,\n              G. A.,\n            \n            \n              Sugaya,\n              L. S.,\n            \n            \n              Caye,\n              A.,\n             &\n\t\t\t\t\t\tRohde,L. A.\n          (2015).\n\t\t\t\t\tAnnual research review: A meta-analysis of the worldwide prevalence of mental disorders in children and adolescents.\n\t\t\t\t\tJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 56(3),\n\t\t\t\t\t345\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t365.\n\t\t\t\t\thttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jcpp.12381","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.12381"},{"key":"2021030219100849200_i1944-7558-126-2-167-Roberts1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Roberts,\n              J. E.,\n            \n            \n              Bradshaw,\n              J.,\n            \n            \n              Will\n              E.,\n            \n            \n              Hogan,\n              A. L.,\n            \n            \n              Mcquillin,\n              S.,\n             &\n\t\t\t\t\t\tHills,K.\n          (2020).\n\t\t\t\t\tEmergence and rate of autism in fragile X syndrome across the first years of life.\n\t\t\t\t\tDevelopment and Psychopathology, 32(4),\n\t\t\t\t\t1335\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t1352.\n\t\t\t\t\thttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0954579420000942","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579420000942"},{"key":"2021030219100849200_i1944-7558-126-2-167-Roberts2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Roberts,\n              J. E.,\n            \n            \n              Crawford,\n              H.,\n            \n            \n              Hogan,\n              A. 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A.,\n            \n            \n              Hogan,\n              A. L.,\n            \n            \n              McQuillin,\n              S.,\n            \n            \n              Tonnsen,\n              B. L.,\n            \n            \n              O'Connor,\n              S.,\n            \n            \n              Roberts,\n              D. A.,\n             &\n\t\t\t\t\t\tBrewe,A. M.\n          (2019).\n\t\t\t\t\tInfant social avoidance predicts autism but not anxiety in fragile X syndrome.\n\t\t\t\t\tFrontiers in Psychiatry, 10,\n\t\t\t\t\t199.\n\t\t\t\t\thttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2019.00199","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2019.00199"},{"key":"2021030219100849200_i1944-7558-126-2-167-Roberts4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Roberts,\n              J. E.,\n            \n            \n              Hatton,\n              D. 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B.,Jr.\n          (2016).\n\t\t\t\t\tInfant development in fragile X syndrome: Cross-syndrome comparisons.\n\t\t\t\t\tJournal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 46(6),\n\t\t\t\t\t2088\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t2099.\n\t\t\t\t\thttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10803-016-2737-1","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-016-2737-1"},{"key":"2021030219100849200_i1944-7558-126-2-167-Roberts6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Roberts,\n              J. E.,\n            \n            \n              Weisenfeld,\n              L. A. H.,\n            \n            \n              Hatton,\n              D. D.,\n            \n            \n              Heath,\n              M.,\n             &\n\t\t\t\t\t\tKaufmann,W. E.\n          (2007).\n\t\t\t\t\tSocial approach and autistic behavior in children with fragile X syndrome.\n\t\t\t\t\tJournal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 37(9),\n\t\t\t\t\t1748\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t1760.\n\t\t\t\t\thttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10803-006-0305-9","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-006-0305-9"},{"key":"2021030219100849200_i1944-7558-126-2-167-Rothbart1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rothbart,\n              M. K.,\n             &\n\t\t\t\t\t\tHanson,M. 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A.,\n            \n            \n              Mogg,\n              K.,\n            \n            \n              Bradley,\n              B. P.,\n            \n            \n              Gadelha,\n              A.,\n            \n            \n              Pan,\n              P.,\n            \n            \n              Tamanaha,\n              A. C,\n            \n            \n              Moriyama,\n              T.,\n            \n            \n              Graeff-Martins,\n              A. S.,\n            \n            \n              Jarros,\n              R. B.,\n            \n            \n              Polanczyk,\n              G.,\n            \n            \n              do Ros\u00e1rio,\n              M. C.,\n            \n            \n              Leibenluft,\n              E.,\n            \n            \n              Rohde,\n              L. A.,\n            \n            \n              Manfro,\n              G. 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L.,\n            \n            \n              Shinkareva,\n              S. V.,\n            \n            \n              Deal,\n              S. C.,\n            \n            \n              Hatton,\n              D. D.,\n             &\n\t\t\t\t\t\tRoberts,J. 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P.,\n             &\n\t\t\t\t\t\tMogg,K.\n          (2014).\n\t\t\t\t\tBiased attention to threat in paediatric anxiety disorders (generalized anxiety disorder, social phobia, specific phobia, separation anxiety disorder) as a function of \u2018distress' versus \u2018fear' diagnostic categorization.\n\t\t\t\t\tPsychological Medicine, 44(3),\n\t\t\t\t\t607\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t616.\n\t\t\t\t\thttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0033291713000779","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291713000779"},{"key":"2021030219100849200_i1944-7558-126-2-167-Wheeler1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wheeler,\n              A. C.,\n            \n            \n              Mussey,\n              J.,\n            \n            \n              Villagomez,\n              A.,\n            \n            \n              Bishop,\n              E.,\n            \n            \n              Raspa,\n              M.,\n            \n            \n              Edwards,\n              A.,\n            \n            \n              Bodfish,\n              J.,\n            \n            \n              Bann,\n              C.,\n             &\n\t\t\t\t\t\tBailey,D. B.,Jr.\n          (2015).\n\t\t\t\t\tDSM-5 changes and the prevalence of parent-reported autism spectrum symptoms in fragile X syndrome.\n\t\t\t\t\tJournal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 45(3),\n\t\t\t\t\t816\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t829.\n\t\t\t\t\thttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10803-014-2246-z","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-014-2246-z"},{"key":"2021030219100849200_i1944-7558-126-2-167-White1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"White,\n              L. K.,\n            \n            \n              Degnan,\n              K. A.,\n            \n            \n              Henderson,\n              H. A.,\n            \n            \n              P\u00e9rez-Edgar,\n              K.,\n            \n            \n              Walker,\n              O. L.,\n            \n            \n              Shechner,\n              T.,\n            \n            \n              Leibenluft,\n              E.,\n            \n            \n              Bar-Haim,\n              Y.,\n            \n            \n              Pine,\n              D. S.,\n             &\n\t\t\t\t\t\tFox,N. A.\n          (2017).\n\t\t\t\t\tDevelopmental relations among behavioral inhibition, anxiety, and attention biases to threat and positive information.\n\t\t\t\t\tChild Development, 88(1),\n\t\t\t\t\t141\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t155.\n\t\t\t\t\thttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/cdev.12696","DOI":"10.1111\/cdev.12696"},{"key":"2021030219100849200_i1944-7558-126-2-167-Whitney1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Whitney,\n              D. G.,\n            \n            \n              Shapiro,\n              D. N.,\n            \n            \n              Peterson,\n              M. D.,\n             &\n\t\t\t\t\t\tWarschausky,S. A.\n          (2019).\n\t\t\t\t\tFactors associated with depression and anxiety in children with intellectual disabilities.\n\t\t\t\t\tJournal of Intellectual Disability Research, 63(5),\n\t\t\t\t\t408\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t417.\n\t\t\t\t\thttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jir.12583","DOI":"10.1111\/jir.12583"}],"container-title":["American Journal on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/meridian.allenpress.com\/ajidd\/article-pdf\/126\/2\/167\/2784440\/i1944-7558-126-2-167.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/meridian.allenpress.com\/ajidd\/article-pdf\/126\/2\/167\/2784440\/i1944-7558-126-2-167.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]],"date-time":"2026-01-13T16:34:48Z","timestamp":1768322088000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/meridian.allenpress.com\/ajidd\/article\/126\/2\/167\/462103\/Attention-Bias-and-Prodromal-Anxiety-Symptoms-in"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,1]]},"references-count":69,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,2]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1352\/1944-7558-126.2.167","relation":{},"ISSN":["1944-7558","1944-7515"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1944-7558","type":"electronic"},{"value":"1944-7515","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,1]]}}}