{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]],"date-time":"2026-01-14T00:04:18Z","timestamp":1768349058060,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":101,"publisher":"Informa UK Limited","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To evaluate effects of psychotropic medication for children with disabilities, direct assessments may offer a valuable supplement to caregiver reports. Relative to indirect assessment, direct measures of behavior can increase objectivity and sensitivity, and some have potential to isolate distinct behavioral and learning processes. We conducted a systematic, narrative literature review to identify and describe the types and qualities of direct assessment methods that have been used to evaluate effects of non-stimulant psychotropic medication for children with disabilities. We identified 50 studies and 78 direct assessments, which we organized and described using seven assessment categories. Only one study met all three direct assessment quality indicators. We use our descriptive results to highlight research trends and gaps that warrant further study.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1352\/1944-7558-127.2.103","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,18]],"date-time":"2022-02-18T17:45:45Z","timestamp":1645206345000},"page":"103-124","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["A Systematic Review of Direct Assessments to Evaluate Psychotropic Medication Effects for Children With Disabilities"],"prefix":"10.1080","volume":"127","author":[{"given":"Jessica N.","family":"Torelli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Jessica N. Torelli, Blair P. Lloyd, and Marney S. Pollack, Peabody College at Vanderbilt University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Blair P.","family":"Lloyd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jessica N. Torelli, Blair P. Lloyd, and Marney S. Pollack, Peabody College at Vanderbilt University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marney S.","family":"Pollack","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jessica N. Torelli, Blair P. Lloyd, and Marney S. Pollack, Peabody College at Vanderbilt University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"301","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022021822454021800_i1944-7558-127-2-103-b01"},{"key":"2022021822454021800_i1944-7558-127-2-103-Aman1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aman,\n              M. G.,\n            \n            \n              Marks,\n              R. E.,\n            \n            \n              Turbott,\n              S. H.,\n            \n            \n              Wilsher,\n              C. P.,\n             &\n\t\t\t\t\t\tMerry,S. N.\n          (1991).\n\t\t\t\t\tMethylphenidate and thioridazine in the treatment of intellectually subaverage children: Effects on cognitive-motor performance.\n\t\t\t\t\tJournal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry,\n\t\t\t\t\t30(5),\n\t\t\t\t\t816\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t824.\n\t\t\t\t\thttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0890-8567(10)80022-X","DOI":"10.1016\/S0890-8567(10)80022-X"},{"key":"2022021822454021800_i1944-7558-127-2-103-Aman2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aman,\n              M. G.,\n            \n            \n              Novotny,\n              S.,\n            \n            \n              Samango-Sprouse,\n              C.,\n            \n            \n              Lecavalier,\n              E.,\n            \n            \n              Gadow,\n              K.,\n            \n            \n              King,\n              B. H.,\n            \n            \n              Pearson,\n              D. A.,\n            \n            \n              Gernsbacher,\n              M. A.,\n             &\n\t\t\t\t\t\tChez,M.\n          (2004).\n\t\t\t\t\tOutcome measures for clinical drug trials in autism.\n\t\t\t\t\tCNS Spectrums, 9(1), 36\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t47.\n\t\t\t\t\thttps:\/\/doi.org\/d2fd","DOI":"10.1017\/S1092852900008348"},{"key":"2022021822454021800_i1944-7558-127-2-103-Aman3","unstructured":"Aman,\n              M. G.,\n            \n            \n              Teehan,\n              C. J.,\n            \n            \n              White,\n              A. J.,\n            \n            \n              Turbott,\n              S. H.,\n             &\n\t\t\t\t\t\tVaithianathan,C.\n          (1989).\n\t\t\t\t\tHaloperidol treatment with chronically medicated residents: Dose effects on clinical behavior and reinforcement contingencies.\n\t\t\t\t\tAmerican Journal on Mental Retardation,\n\t\t\t\t\t93(4),\n\t\t\t\t\t452\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t460.\n\t\t\t\t\thttps:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/2649118\/"},{"key":"2022021822454021800_i1944-7558-127-2-103-Aman4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aman,\n              M. G.,\n            \n            \n              White,\n              A. J.,\n             &\n\t\t\t\t\t\tField,C. J.\n          (1984).\n\t\t\t\t\tChlorpromazine effects on stereotypic and conditioned behaviour of severely retarded patients: A pilot study.\n\t\t\t\t\tJournal of Mental Deficiency Research,\n\t\t\t\t\t28(4),\n\t\t\t\t\t253\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t260.\n\t\t\t\t\thttps:\/\/doi.org\/fksztv","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2788.1984.tb01018.x"},{"key":"2022021822454021800_i1944-7558-127-2-103-AmericanAcademyofChildandAdolescentPsychiatry1","unstructured":"American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry.\n          (2012,\n\t\t\t\t\tFebruary).\n\t\t\t\t\tA guide for community child serving agencies on psychotropic medications for children and adolescents.\n\t\t\t\t\tAvailable from http:\/\/www.aacap.org\/"},{"key":"2022021822454021800_i1944-7558-127-2-103-AmericanAcademyofPediatrics1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"American Academy of Pediatrics.\n          (2011).\n\t\t\t\t\tADHD: Clinical practice guideline for the diagnosis, evaluation, and treatment of attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder in children and adolescents.\n\t\t\t\t\tPediatrics,\n\t\t\t\t\t128(5),\n\t\t\t\t\t1007\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t1022.\n\t\t\t\t\thttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1542\/peds.2011-2654","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2011-2654"},{"key":"2022021822454021800_i1944-7558-127-2-103-AmericanPsychiatricAssociation1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association.\n          (2013).\n\t\t\t\t\tDiagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.).\n\t\t\t\t\thttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596"},{"key":"2022021822454021800_i1944-7558-127-2-103-Anderson1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Anderson,\n              L. T.,\n            \n            \n              Campbell,\n              M.,\n            \n            \n              Adams,\n              P.,\n            \n            \n              Small,\n              A. M.,\n            \n            \n              Perry,\n              R.,\n             &\n\t\t\t\t\t\tShell,J.\n          (1989).\n\t\t\t\t\tThe effects of haloperidol on discrimination learning and behavioral symptoms in autistic children.\n\t\t\t\t\tJournal of Autism and Developmental Disorders,\n\t\t\t\t\t19(2),\n\t\t\t\t\t227\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t239.\n\t\t\t\t\thttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF02211843","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02211843"},{"key":"2022021822454021800_i1944-7558-127-2-103-Anderson2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Anderson,\n              M. T.,\n            \n            \n              Vu,\n              C.,\n            \n            \n              Derby,\n              M.,\n            \n            \n              Goris,\n              M.,\n             &\n\t\t\t\t\t\tMcLaughlin,T. F.\n          (2002).\n\t\t\t\t\tUsing functional procedures to monitor medication effects in an outpatient and school setting.\n\t\t\t\t\tPsychology in the Schools,\n\t\t\t\t\t39(1),\n\t\t\t\t\t73\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t76.\n\t\t\t\t\thttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/pits.10006","DOI":"10.1002\/pits.10006"},{"key":"2022021822454021800_i1944-7558-127-2-103-Barrett1","unstructured":"Barrett,\n              R. P.,\n            \n            \n              Feinstein,\n              C.,\n             &\n\t\t\t\t\t\tHole,W. T.\n          (1989).\n\t\t\t\t\tEffects of naloxone and naltrexone on self-injury: A double-blind, placebo-controlled analysis.\n\t\t\t\t\tAmerican Journal on Mental Retardation,\n\t\t\t\t\t93(6),\n\t\t\t\t\t644\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t651.\n\t\t\t\t\thttps:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/2655671\/"},{"key":"2022021822454021800_i1944-7558-127-2-103-Barrett2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Barrett,\n              R. P.,\n            \n            \n              Payton,\n              J. B.,\n             &\n\t\t\t\t\t\tBurkhart,J. E.\n          (1988).\n\t\t\t\t\tTreatment of self-injury and disruptive behavior with carbamazepine (Tegretol) and behavior therapy.\n\t\t\t\t\tJournal of the Multihandicapped Person,\n\t\t\t\t\t1(2),\n\t\t\t\t\t79\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t91.\n\t\t\t\t\thttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF01098249","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01098249"},{"key":"2022021822454021800_i1944-7558-127-2-103-Beale1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Beale,\n              I. L.,\n            \n            \n              Smith,\n              O. A.,\n             &\n\t\t\t\t\t\tWebster,D. M.\n          (1993).\n\t\t\t\t\tEffects of chlorpromazine and thioridazine on discrimination learning in children with mental retardation.\n\t\t\t\t\tJournal of Developmental and Physical Disabilities,\n\t\t\t\t\t5(1),\n\t\t\t\t\t43\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t54.\n\t\t\t\t\thttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF01046597","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01046597"},{"key":"2022021822454021800_i1944-7558-127-2-103-Burgio1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Burgio,\n              L. D.,\n            \n            \n              Page,\n              T. J.,\n             &\n\t\t\t\t\t\tCapriotti,R. M.\n          (1985).\n\t\t\t\t\tClinical behavioral pharmacology: Methods for evaluating medications and contingency management.\n\t\t\t\t\tJournal of Applied Behavior Analysis,\n\t\t\t\t\t18(1),\n\t\t\t\t\t45\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t59.\n\t\t\t\t\thttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1901\/jaba.1985.18-45","DOI":"10.1901\/jaba.1985.18-45"},{"key":"2022021822454021800_i1944-7558-127-2-103-Cairns1","unstructured":"Cairns,\n              R. B.,\n             &\n\t\t\t\t\t\tGreen,J. A.\n          (1979).\n\t\t\t\t\tHow to assess personality and social patterns: Observations or ratings?InCairnsR. B.(Ed.),Analysis of social interaction.\n\t\t\t\t\tErlbaum."},{"key":"2022021822454021800_i1944-7558-127-2-103-Campbell1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Campbell,\n              M.,\n            \n            \n              Anderson,\n              L. T.,\n            \n            \n              Meier,\n              M.,\n            \n            \n              Cohen,\n              I. L.,\n            \n            \n              Small,\n              A. M.,\n            \n            \n              Samit,\n              C.,\n             &\n\t\t\t\t\t\tSachar,E. J.\n          (1978).\n\t\t\t\t\tA comparison of haloperidol and behavior therapy and their interaction in autistic children.\n\t\t\t\t\tJournal of the American Academy of Child Psychiatry,\n\t\t\t\t\t17(4),\n\t\t\t\t\t640\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t655.\n\t\t\t\t\thttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0002-7138(09)61017-7","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-7138(09)61017-7"},{"key":"2022021822454021800_i1944-7558-127-2-103-Carlson1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Carlson,\n              G.,\n            \n            \n              Pokryzywinski,\n              J.,\n            \n            \n              Uran,\n              K.,\n             &\n\t\t\t\t\t\tValdovinos,M.\n          (2012).\n\t\t\t\t\tThe use of reinforcer assessments in evaluating psychotropic medication effects.\n\t\t\t\t\tJournal of Developmental and Physical Disabilities, 24,\n\t\t\t\t\t515\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t528.\n\t\t\t\t\thttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10882-012-9282-4","DOI":"10.1007\/s10882-012-9282-4"},{"key":"2022021822454021800_i1944-7558-127-2-103-Carlson2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Carlson,\n              J. S.\n            \n          \n          (2019).\n\t\t\t\t\tIntroduction to school psychopharmacology.\n\t\t\t\t\tInCarlsonJ. S. &\n\t\t\t\t\t\tBarterianJ. A.(Eds.),School psychopharmacology: Translating research into practice(pp.1\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t11).\n\t\t\t\t\tSpringer.\n\t\t\t\t\thttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-030-15541-4_1","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-15541-4_1"},{"key":"2022021822454021800_i1944-7558-127-2-103-Cinciripini1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cinciripini,\n              P. M.,\n            \n            \n              Epstein,\n              L. H.,\n             &\n\t\t\t\t\t\tKotanchik,N. L.\n          (1980).\n\t\t\t\t\tBehavioral intervention for self-stimulatory, attending, and seizure behavior in a cerebral palsied child.\n\t\t\t\t\tJournal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry,\n\t\t\t\t\t11(4),\n\t\t\t\t\t313\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t316.\n\t\t\t\t\thttps:\/\/doi.org\/cgkzdf","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-7916(80)90079-8"},{"key":"2022021822454021800_i1944-7558-127-2-103-Cohen1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cohen,\n              I. L.,\n            \n            \n              Campbell,\n              M.,\n            \n            \n              Posner,\n              D.,\n            \n            \n              Small,\n              A. M.,\n            \n            \n              Triebel,\n              D.,\n             &\n\t\t\t\t\t\tAnderson,L. T.\n          (1980).\n\t\t\t\t\tBehavioral effects of haloperidol in young autistic children: An objective analysis using a within-subjects reversal design.\n\t\t\t\t\tJournal of the American Academy of Child Psychiatry,\n\t\t\t\t\t19(4),\n\t\t\t\t\t665\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t677.\n\t\t\t\t\thttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0002-7138(09)60969-9","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-7138(09)60969-9"},{"key":"2022021822454021800_i1944-7558-127-2-103-Courtemanche1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Courtemanche,\n              A. B.,\n            \n            \n              Schroeder,\n              S. R.,\n             &\n\t\t\t\t\t\tSheldon,J. B.\n          (2011).\n\t\t\t\t\tDesigns and analyses of psychotropic and behavioral interventions for the treatment of problem behavior among people with intellectual and developmental disabilities.\n\t\t\t\t\tAmerican Journal on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities,\n\t\t\t\t\t116(4),\n\t\t\t\t\t315\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t328.\n\t\t\t\t\thttps:\/\/doi.org\/cztknb","DOI":"10.1352\/1944-7558-116.4.315"},{"key":"2022021822454021800_i1944-7558-127-2-103-Cox1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cox,\n              A. D.,\n             &\n\t\t\t\t\t\tVirues-Ortega,J.\n          (2016).\n\t\t\t\t\tInteractions between behavior function and psychotropic medication.\n\t\t\t\t\tJournal of Applied Behavior Analysis,\n\t\t\t\t\t49(1),\n\t\t\t\t\t85\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t104.\n\t\t\t\t\thttps:\/\/doi.org\/f8dq7r","DOI":"10.1002\/jaba.247"},{"key":"2022021822454021800_i1944-7558-127-2-103-Crosland1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Crosland,\n              K. A.,\n            \n            \n              Zarcone,\n              J. R.,\n            \n            \n              Lindauer,\n              S. E.,\n            \n            \n              Valdovinos,\n              M. G.,\n            \n            \n              Zarcone,\n              T. J.,\n            \n            \n              Hellings,\n              J. A.,\n             &\n\t\t\t\t\t\tSchroeder,S. R.\n          (2003).\n\t\t\t\t\tUse of functional analysis methodology in the evaluation of medication effects.\n\t\t\t\t\tJournal of Autism and Developmental Disorders,\n\t\t\t\t\t33(3),\n\t\t\t\t\t271\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t279.\n\t\t\t\t\thttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1023\/A:1024402500425","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1024402500425"},{"key":"2022021822454021800_i1944-7558-127-2-103-Crystal1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Crystal,\n              S.,\n            \n            \n              Olfson,\n              M.,\n            \n            \n              Huang,\n              C.,\n            \n            \n              Pincus,\n              H.,\n             &\n\t\t\t\t\t\tGerhard,T.\n          (2009).\n\t\t\t\t\tBroadened use of atypical antipsychotics: Safety, effectiveness, and policy challenges.\n\t\t\t\t\tHealth Affairs,\n\t\t\t\t\t28(5),\n\t\t\t\t\t770\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t781.\n\t\t\t\t\thttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1377\/hlthaff.28.5.w770","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.28.5.w770"},{"key":"2022021822454021800_i1944-7558-127-2-103-Danov1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Danov,\n              S. E.,\n            \n            \n              Tervo,\n              R.,\n            \n            \n              Meyers,\n              S.,\n             &\n\t\t\t\t\t\tSymons,F. J.\n          (2012).\n\t\t\t\t\tUsing functional analysis methodology to evaluate effects of an atypical antipsychotic on severe problem behavior.\n\t\t\t\t\tJournal of Mental Health Research in Intellectual Disabilities,\n\t\t\t\t\t5(3\u20134),\n\t\t\t\t\t286\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t308.\n\t\t\t\t\thttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/19315864.2011.594976","DOI":"10.1080\/19315864.2011.594976"},{"key":"2022021822454021800_i1944-7558-127-2-103-Davidson1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Davidson,\n              P. W.,\n            \n            \n              Kleene,\n              B. M.,\n            \n            \n              Carroll,\n              M.,\n             &\n\t\t\t\t\t\tRockowitz,R. J.\n          (1983).\n\t\t\t\t\tEffects of naloxone on self-injurious behavior: A case study.\n\t\t\t\t\tApplied Research in Mental Retardation,\n\t\t\t\t\t4(1),\n\t\t\t\t\t1\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t4.\n\t\t\t\t\thttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0270-3092(83)80013-7","DOI":"10.1016\/S0270-3092(83)80013-7"},{"key":"2022021822454021800_i1944-7558-127-2-103-Davis1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Davis,\n              K. V.\n            \n          \n          (1971).\n\t\t\t\t\tThe effect of drugs on stereotyped and nonstereotyped operant behaviors in retardates.\n\t\t\t\t\tPsychopharmacologia,\n\t\t\t\t\t22(2),\n\t\t\t\t\t195\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t213.\n\t\t\t\t\thttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF00403628","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00403628"},{"key":"2022021822454021800_i1944-7558-127-2-103-Davis2","unstructured":"Davis,\n              K. V.,\n            \n            \n              Sprague,\n              R. L.,\n             &\n\t\t\t\t\t\tWerry,J. S.\n          (1969).\n\t\t\t\t\tStereotyped behavior and activity level in severe retardates: The effect of drugs.\n\t\t\t\t\tAmerican Journal of Mental Deficiency,\n\t\t\t\t\t73(5),\n\t\t\t\t\t721\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t727.\n\t\t\t\t\thttps:\/\/psycnet.apa.org\/record\/1969-09955-001"},{"key":"2022021822454021800_i1944-7558-127-2-103-Durand1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Durand,\n              V. M.\n            \n          \n          (1982).\n\t\t\t\t\tA behavioral\/pharmacological intervention for the treatment of severe self-injurious behavior.\n\t\t\t\t\tJournal of Autism and Developmental Disorders,\n\t\t\t\t\t12(3),\n\t\t\t\t\t243\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t251.\n\t\t\t\t\thttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF01531370","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01531370"},{"key":"2022021822454021800_i1944-7558-127-2-103-Fisher1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fisher,\n              W.,\n            \n            \n              Piazza,\n              C. C.,\n             &\n\t\t\t\t\t\tPage,T. J.\n          (1989).\n\t\t\t\t\tAssessing independent and interactive effects of behavioral and pharmacologic interventions for a client with dual diagnoses.\n\t\t\t\t\tJournal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry,\n\t\t\t\t\t20(3),\n\t\t\t\t\t241\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t250.\n\t\t\t\t\thttps:\/\/doi.org\/bf34qc","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-7916(89)90029-3"},{"key":"2022021822454021800_i1944-7558-127-2-103-Frazier1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Frazier,\n              T. W.,\n            \n            \n              Youngstrom,\n              E. A.,\n            \n            \n              Haycook,\n              T.,\n            \n            \n              Sinoff,\n              A.,\n            \n            \n              Dimitriou,\n              F.,\n            \n            \n              Knapp,\n              J.,\n             &\n\t\t\t\t\t\tSinclair,L.\n          (2010).\n\t\t\t\t\tEffectiveness of medication combined with intensive behavioral intervention for reducing aggression in youth with autism spectrum disorder.\n\t\t\t\t\tJournal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology,\n\t\t\t\t\t20(3),\n\t\t\t\t\t167\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t177.\n\t\t\t\t\thttp:\/\/doi.org\/btj9hp","DOI":"10.1089\/cap.2009.0048"},{"key":"2022021822454021800_i1944-7558-127-2-103-Ganz1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ganz,\n              J. B.,\n             &\n\t\t\t\t\t\tAyres,K. M.\n          (2018).\n\t\t\t\t\tMethodological standards in single-case experimental design: Raising the bar.\n\t\t\t\t\tResearch in Developmental Disabilities,\n\t\t\t\t\t79,\n\t\t\t\t\t3\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t9.\n\t\t\t\t\thttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ridd.2018.03.003","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2018.03.003"},{"key":"2022021822454021800_i1944-7558-127-2-103-Gleason1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gleason,\n              M. M.,\n            \n            \n              Egger,\n              H. L.,\n            \n            \n              Emslie,\n              G. J.,\n            \n            \n              Greenhill,\n              L. L.,\n            \n            \n              Kowatch,\n              R. A.,\n            \n            \n              Lieberman,\n              A. F.,\n            \n            \n              Luby,\n              J. L.,\n            \n            \n              Owens,\n              J.,\n            \n            \n              Scahill,\n              L. D.,\n            \n            \n              Scheeringa,\n              M. S.,\n            \n            \n              Stafford,\n              B.,\n            \n            \n              Wise,\n              B.,\n             &\n\t\t\t\t\t\tZeanah,C. H.\n          (2007).\n\t\t\t\t\tPsychopharmacological treatment for very young children: Contexts and guidelines.\n\t\t\t\t\tJournal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry,\n\t\t\t\t\t46(12),\n\t\t\t\t\t1532\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t1572.\n\t\t\t\t\thttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/chi.0b013e3181570d9e","DOI":"10.1097\/chi.0b013e3181570d9e"},{"key":"2022021822454021800_i1944-7558-127-2-103-Greenhill1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Greenhill,\n              L. L.,\n            \n            \n              Pliszka,\n              S.,\n             &\n\t\t\t\t\t\tDulcan,M. K.\n          (2002).\n\t\t\t\t\tPractice parameter for the use of stimulant medications in the treatment of children, adolescents, and adults.\n\t\t\t\t\tJournal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry,\n\t\t\t\t\t41(2),\n\t\t\t\t\t26\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t49.\n\t\t\t\t\thttps:\/\/doi.org\/d86rmk","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-200202001-00003"},{"key":"2022021822454021800_i1944-7558-127-2-103-Grondhuis1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Grondhuis,\n              S. N.,\n            \n            \n              Farmer,\n              C. A.,\n            \n            \n              Arnold,\n              L. E.,\n            \n            \n              Gadow,\n              K. D.,\n            \n            \n              Findling,\n              R. L.,\n            \n            \n              Molina,\n              B. S. G.,\n            \n            \n              Kolko,\n              D. J.,\n            \n            \n              Buchan-Page,\n              K. A.,\n            \n            \n              Rice,\n              R. R.,\n            \n            \n              Butter,\n              E. M.,\n             &\n\t\t\t\t\t\tAman,M. G.\n          (2019).\n\t\t\t\t\tStandardized observation analogue procedure in the treatment of severe childhood aggression study.\n\t\t\t\t\tJournal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology, 30(1),\n\t\t\t\t\t48\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t54.\n\t\t\t\t\thttps:\/\/doi.org\/d7nx","DOI":"10.1089\/cap.2019.0109"},{"key":"2022021822454021800_i1944-7558-127-2-103-Handen1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Handen,\n              B. L.,\n            \n            \n              Johnson,\n              C. R.,\n            \n            \n              Butter,\n              E. M.,\n            \n            \n              Lecavalier,\n              L.,\n            \n            \n              Scahill,\n              L.,\n            \n            \n              Aman,\n              M. G.,\n            \n            \n              McDougle,\n              C. J.,\n            \n            \n              Arnold,\n              L. E.,\n            \n            \n              Swiezy,\n              N. B.,\n            \n            \n              Sukhodolsky,\n              D. G.,\n            \n            \n              Mulick,\n              J. A.,\n            \n            \n              White,\n              S. W.,\n            \n            \n              Bearss,\n              K.,\n            \n            \n              Hollway,\n              J. A.,\n            \n            \n              Stigler,\n              K. A.,\n            \n            \n              Dziura,\n              J.,\n            \n            \n              Yu,\n              S.,\n            \n            \n              Sacco,\n              K.,\n             &\n\t\t\t\t\t\tVitiello,B.\n          (2013).\n\t\t\t\t\tUse of a direct observational measure in a trial of risperidone and parent training in children with pervasive developmental disorders.\n\t\t\t\t\tJournal of Developmental and Physical Disabilities,\n\t\t\t\t\t25(3),\n\t\t\t\t\t355\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t371.\n\t\t\t\t\thttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10882-012-9316-y","DOI":"10.1007\/s10882-012-9316-y"},{"key":"2022021822454021800_i1944-7558-127-2-103-Hanley1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hanley,\n              G. P.\n            \n          \n          (2012).\n\t\t\t\t\tFunctional assessment of problem behavior: Dispelling myths, overcoming implementation obstacles, and developing new lore.\n\t\t\t\t\tBehavior Analysis in Practice, 5(1),\n\t\t\t\t\t54\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t72.\n\t\t\t\t\thttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF03391818","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03391818"},{"key":"2022021822454021800_i1944-7558-127-2-103-Harrison1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Harrison,\n              J. N.,\n            \n            \n              Cluxton-Keller,\n              F.,\n             &\n\t\t\t\t\t\tGross,D.\n          (2012).\n\t\t\t\t\tAntipsychotic medication prescribing trends in children and adolescents.\n\t\t\t\t\tJournal of Pediatric Health Care, 26(2),\n\t\t\t\t\t139\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t145.\n\t\t\t\t\thttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pedhc.2011.10.009","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pedhc.2011.10.009"},{"key":"2022021822454021800_i1944-7558-127-2-103-Helper1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Helper,\n              M. M.,\n            \n            \n              Wilcott,\n              R. C.,\n             &\n\t\t\t\t\t\tGarfield,S. L.\n          (1963).\n\t\t\t\t\tEffects of chlorpromazine on learning and related processes in emotionally disturbed children.\n\t\t\t\t\tJournal of Consulting Psychology,\n\t\t\t\t\t27(1),\n\t\t\t\t\t1\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t9.\n\t\t\t\t\thttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/h0044323","DOI":"10.1037\/h0044323"},{"key":"2022021822454021800_i1944-7558-127-2-103-Herman1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Herman,\n              B. H.,\n            \n            \n              Hammock,\n              M. K.,\n            \n            \n              Arthur-Smith,\n              A.,\n            \n            \n              Egan,\n              J.,\n            \n            \n              Chatoor,\n              I.,\n            \n            \n              Werner,\n              A.,\n             &\n\t\t\t\t\t\tZelnik,N.\n          (1987).\n\t\t\t\t\tNaltrexone decreases self-injurious behavior.\n\t\t\t\t\tAnnals of Neurology,\n\t\t\t\t\t22(4),\n\t\t\t\t\t550\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t552.\n\t\t\t\t\thttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ana.410220419","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410220419"},{"key":"2022021822454021800_i1944-7558-127-2-103-Higgins1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Higgins,\n              J. P. T.,\n            \n            \n              Altman,\n              D. G.,\n            \n            \n              G\u00f8tzsche,\n              P. C.,\n            \n            \n              J\u00fcni,\n              P.,\n            \n            \n              Moher,\n              D.,\n            \n            \n              Oxman,\n              A. D.,\n            \n            \n              Savovi\u0107,\n              J.,\n            \n            \n              Schulz,\n              K. F.,\n            \n            \n              Weeks,\n              L.,\n             &\n\t\t\t\t\t\tSterne,J. A. C.\n          (2011).\n\t\t\t\t\tThe Cochrane Collaboration's tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials.\n\t\t\t\t\tBritish Medical Journal, 343, 1\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t9.\n\t\t\t\t\thttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.d5928","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.d5928"},{"key":"2022021822454021800_i1944-7558-127-2-103-Hollis1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hollis,\n              J. H.,\n             &\n\t\t\t\t\t\tSt. Omer,V. V.\n          (1972).\n\t\t\t\t\tChlorpromazine: Direct measurement of differential behavioral effect.\n\t\t\t\t\tScience,\n\t\t\t\t\t159(3822),\n\t\t\t\t\t1487\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t1489.\n\t\t\t\t\thttps:\/\/doi.org\/fqd2tk","DOI":"10.1126\/science.159.3822.1487"},{"key":"2022021822454021800_i1944-7558-127-2-103-Horner1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Horner,\n              R. H.,\n            \n            \n              Carr,\n              E. G.,\n            \n            \n              Halle,\n              J.,\n            \n            \n              McGee,\n              G.,\n            \n            \n              Odom,\n              S.,\n             &\n\t\t\t\t\t\tWolery,M.\n          (2005).\n\t\t\t\t\tThe use of single-subject research to identify evidence-based practice in special education.\n\t\t\t\t\tExceptional Children, 71(2),\n\t\t\t\t\t165\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t179.\n\t\t\t\t\thttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/001440290507100203","DOI":"10.1177\/001440290507100203"},{"key":"2022021822454021800_i1944-7558-127-2-103-Iwata1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Iwata,\n              B. A.,\n            \n            \n              Dorsey,\n              M. F.,\n            \n            \n              Slifer,\n              K. J.,\n            \n            \n              Bauman,\n              K. E.,\n             &\n\t\t\t\t\t\tRichman,G. S.\n          (1994).\n\t\t\t\t\tToward a functional analysis of self-injury.\n\t\t\t\t\tJournal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 27(2),\n\t\t\t\t\t197\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t209.\n\t\t\t\t\thttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1901\/jaba.1994.27-197","DOI":"10.1901\/jaba.1994.27-197"},{"key":"2022021822454021800_i1944-7558-127-2-103-Johnson1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Johnson,\n              K.,\n            \n            \n              Johnson,\n              C. R.,\n             &\n\t\t\t\t\t\tSahl,R. A.\n          (1994).\n\t\t\t\t\tBehavioral and naltrexone treatment of self-injurious behavior.\n\t\t\t\t\tJournal of Developmental and Physical Disabilities,\n\t\t\t\t\t6(2),\n\t\t\t\t\t193\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t202.\n\t\t\t\t\thttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF02579359","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02579359"},{"key":"2022021822454021800_i1944-7558-127-2-103-Klove1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Klove,\n              H.\n            \n          \n          (1963).\n\t\t\t\t\tClinical neuropsychology.\n\t\t\t\t\tInForsterF. M.(Ed.),The medical clinics of North America (Vol. 47,\n\t\t\t\t\tpp.1647\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t1658).\n\t\t\t\t\tSaunders.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0025-7125(16)33515-5"},{"key":"2022021822454021800_i1944-7558-127-2-103-LaRue1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"LaRue,\n              R. H.,\n            \n            \n              Northup,\n              J.,\n            \n            \n              Baumeister,\n              A. A.,\n            \n            \n              Hawkins,\n              M. F.,\n            \n            \n              Seale,\n              L.,\n            \n            \n              Williams,\n              T.,\n             &\n\t\t\t\t\t\tRidgeway,A.\n          (2008).\n\t\t\t\t\tAn evaluation of stimulant medication on the reinforcing effects of play.\n\t\t\t\t\tJournal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 41(1),\n\t\t\t\t\t143\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t147.\n\t\t\t\t\thttps:\/\/doi.org\/cswh6t","DOI":"10.1901\/jaba.2008.41-143"},{"key":"2022021822454021800_i1944-7558-127-2-103-Ledford1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ledford,\n              J. R.,\n            \n            \n              Lane,\n              J. D.,\n             &\n\t\t\t\t\t\tGast,D. L.\n          (2018).\n\t\t\t\t\tDependent variables, measurement, and reliability.\n\t\t\t\t\tInLedfordJ. R. &\n\t\t\t\t\t\tGastD. L.(Eds.),Single case research methodology (3rd ed.,\n\t\t\t\t\tpp.97\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t131).\n\t\t\t\t\tRoutledge.","DOI":"10.4324\/9781315150666-5"},{"key":"2022021822454021800_i1944-7558-127-2-103-Li1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li,\n              A.,\n            \n            \n              MacNeill,\n              B.,\n            \n            \n              Curiel,\n              H.,\n             &\n\t\t\t\t\t\tPoling,A.\n          (2017).\n\t\t\t\t\tRisperidone in combination with other drugs: Experimental research in individuals with autism spectrum disorder.\n\t\t\t\t\tExperimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology, 25(5),\n\t\t\t\t\t434\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t439.\n\t\t\t\t\thttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/pha0000144","DOI":"10.1037\/pha0000144"},{"key":"2022021822454021800_i1944-7558-127-2-103-Lloyd1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lloyd,\n              B. P.,\n            \n            \n              Torelli,\n              J. N.,\n             &\n\t\t\t\t\t\tSymons,F. J.\n          (2016).\n\t\t\t\t\tIssues in integrating psychotropic and intensive behavioral interventions for students with emotional and behavioral challenges in schools.\n\t\t\t\t\tJournal of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders, 24(3),\n\t\t\t\t\t148\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t158.\n\t\t\t\t\thttps:\/\/doi.org\/f83jbb","DOI":"10.1177\/1063426616636346"},{"key":"2022021822454021800_i1944-7558-127-2-103-Luiselli1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Luiselli,\n              J. K.\n            \n          \n          (1986).\n\t\t\t\t\tBehavior analysis of pharmacological and contingency management interventions for self-injury.\n\t\t\t\t\tJournal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry,\n\t\t\t\t\t17(4),\n\t\t\t\t\t275\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t284.\n\t\t\t\t\thttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0005-7916(86)90064-9","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-7916(86)90064-9"},{"key":"2022021822454021800_i1944-7558-127-2-103-Luiselli2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Luiselli,\n              J. K.,\n            \n            \n              Evans,\n              T. P.,\n             &\n\t\t\t\t\t\tBoyce,D. A.\n          (1986).\n\t\t\t\t\tPharmacological assessment and comprehensive behavioral intervention in a case of pediatric self-injury.\n\t\t\t\t\tJournal of Clinical Child Psychology,\n\t\t\t\t\t15(4),\n\t\t\t\t\t323\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t326.\n\t\t\t\t\thttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1207\/s15374424jccp1504_6","DOI":"10.1207\/s15374424jccp1504_6"},{"key":"2022021822454021800_i1944-7558-127-2-103-Mace1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mace,\n              F. C.,\n            \n            \n              Blum,\n              N. J.,\n            \n            \n              Sierp,\n              B. J.,\n            \n            \n              Delaney,\n              B. A.,\n             &\n\t\t\t\t\t\tMauk,J. E.\n          (2001).\n\t\t\t\t\tDifferential response of operant self-injury to pharmacologic versus behavioral treatment.\n\t\t\t\t\tJournal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics,\n\t\t\t\t\t22(2),\n\t\t\t\t\t85\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t91.\n\t\t\t\t\thttp:\/\/doi.org\/dfv4hh","DOI":"10.1097\/00004703-200104000-00001"},{"key":"2022021822454021800_i1944-7558-127-2-103-Mattison1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mattison,\n              R. E.,\n            \n            \n              Rundberg-Rivera,\n              V.,\n             &\n\t\t\t\t\t\tMichel,C.\n          (2014).\n\t\t\t\t\tPsychotropic medication characteristics for special education students with emotional and\/or behavioral disorders.\n\t\t\t\t\tJournal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology, 24(6),\n\t\t\t\t\t347\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t353.\n\t\t\t\t\thttp:\/\/doi.org\/f6d3t5","DOI":"10.1089\/cap.2013.0073"},{"key":"2022021822454021800_i1944-7558-127-2-103-McLaren1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"McLaren,\n              J. L.,\n            \n            \n              Barnett,\n              E. R.,\n            \n            \n              Concepcion Zayas,\n              M. T.,\n            \n            \n              Lichtenstein,\n              J.,\n            \n            \n              Acquilano,\n              S. C.,\n            \n            \n              Schwartz,\n              L. M.,\n            \n            \n              Woloshin,\n              S.,\n             &\n\t\t\t\t\t\tDrake,R. E.\n          (2018).\n\t\t\t\t\tPsychotropic medications for highly vulnerable children.\n\t\t\t\t\tExpert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy,\n\t\t\t\t\t19(6),\n\t\t\t\t\t547\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t560.\n\t\t\t\t\thttps:\/\/doi.org\/ggk73n","DOI":"10.1080\/14656566.2018.1445720"},{"key":"2022021822454021800_i1944-7558-127-2-103-McLaren2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"McLaren,\n              J. L.,\n             &\n\t\t\t\t\t\tLichtenstein,J. D.\n          (2019).\n\t\t\t\t\tThe pursuit of the magic pill: The overuse of psychotropic medications in children with intellectual and developmental disabilities in the USA.\n\t\t\t\t\tEpidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences, 28(4),\n\t\t\t\t\t365\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t368.\n\t\t\t\t\thttps:\/\/doi.org\/d9gv","DOI":"10.1017\/S2045796018000604"},{"key":"2022021822454021800_i1944-7558-127-2-103-McVoy1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"McVoy,\n              J.,\n             &\n\t\t\t\t\t\tFindling,R. L.\n          (2017).\n\t\t\t\t\tClinical manual of child and adolescent psychopharmacology (3rd ed.).\n\t\t\t\t\tAmerican Psychiatric Association.","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9781615371266"},{"key":"2022021822454021800_i1944-7558-127-2-103-Meltzer1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Meltzer,\n              H. Y.\n            \n          \n          (2004).\n\t\t\t\t\tWhat's atypical about atypical antipsychotic drugs?Current Opinion in Pharmacology, 4(1),\n\t\t\t\t\t53\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t57.\n\t\t\t\t\thttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.coph.2003.09.010","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coph.2003.09.010"},{"key":"2022021822454021800_i1944-7558-127-2-103-Miguel1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Miguel,\n              C. F.,\n            \n            \n              Clark,\n              K.,\n            \n            \n              Tereshko,\n              L.,\n            \n            \n              Ahearn,\n              W. H.,\n             &\n\t\t\t\t\t\tZarcone,J.\n          (2009).\n\t\t\t\t\tThe effects of response interruption and redirection and sertraline on vocal stereotypy.\n\t\t\t\t\tJournal of Applied Behavior Analysis,\n\t\t\t\t\t42(4),\n\t\t\t\t\t883\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t888.\n\t\t\t\t\thttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1901\/jaba.2009.42-883","DOI":"10.1901\/jaba.2009.42-883"},{"key":"2022021822454021800_i1944-7558-127-2-103-Moore1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Moore,\n              T. R.,\n            \n            \n              Tervo,\n              R. C.,\n            \n            \n              McComas,\n              J. J.,\n            \n            \n              Rivard,\n              P. F.,\n             &\n\t\t\t\t\t\tSymons,F. J.\n          (2009).\n\t\t\t\t\tLongitudinal functional analysis of problem behavior during an atypical neuroleptic medication cross-over evaluation for an adolescent with developmental disabilities.\n\t\t\t\t\tEducation & Treatment of Children,\n\t\t\t\t\t32(1),\n\t\t\t\t\t105\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t119.\n\t\t\t\t\thttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1353\/etc.0.0042","DOI":"10.1353\/etc.0.0042"},{"key":"2022021822454021800_i1944-7558-127-2-103-Napolitano1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Napolitano,\n              D. A.,\n            \n            \n              Jack,\n              S. L.,\n            \n            \n              Sheldon,\n              J. B.,\n            \n            \n              Williams,\n              D. C.,\n            \n            \n              McAdam,\n              D. B.,\n             &\n\t\t\t\t\t\tSchroeder,S. R.\n          (1999).\n\t\t\t\t\tDrug-behavior interactions in persons with mental retardation and developmental disabilities.\n\t\t\t\t\tMental Retardation and Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews,\n\t\t\t\t\t5(4),\n\t\t\t\t\t322\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t334.\n\t\t\t\t\thttp:\/\/doi.org\/fp2526","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1098-2779(1999)5:4<322::AID-MRDD10>3.0.CO;2-F"},{"key":"2022021822454021800_i1944-7558-127-2-103-NationalInstituteofMentalHealth1","unstructured":"National Institute of Mental Health.\n          (2016).\n\t\t\t\t\tMental health medications.\n\t\t\t\t\tAvailable from https:\/\/www.nimh.nih.gov\/"},{"key":"2022021822454021800_i1944-7558-127-2-103-Northup1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Northup,\n              J.,\n            \n            \n              Fusilier,\n              I.,\n            \n            \n              Swanson,\n              V.,\n            \n            \n              Roane,\n              H.,\n             &\n\t\t\t\t\t\tBorrero,J.\n          (1997).\n\t\t\t\t\tAn evaluation of methylphenidate as a potential establishing operation for some common classroom reinforcers.\n\t\t\t\t\tJournal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 30(4),\n\t\t\t\t\t615\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t625.\n\t\t\t\t\thttps:\/\/doi.org\/fn89bf","DOI":"10.1901\/jaba.1997.30-615"},{"key":"2022021822454021800_i1944-7558-127-2-103-Olfson1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Olfson,\n              M.,\n            \n            \n              Druss,\n              B. G.,\n             &\n\t\t\t\t\t\tMarcus,S. C.\n          (2015).\n\t\t\t\t\tTrends in mental health care among children and adolescents.\n\t\t\t\t\tNew England Journal of Medicine,\n\t\t\t\t\t372(21),\n\t\t\t\t\t2029\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t2038.\n\t\t\t\t\thttps:\/\/doi.org\/ggj2s3","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMsa1413512"},{"key":"2022021822454021800_i1944-7558-127-2-103-Parikh1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Parikh,\n              M. S.,\n            \n            \n              Kolevzon,\n              A.,\n             &\n\t\t\t\t\t\tHollander,E.\n          (2008).\n\t\t\t\t\tPsychopharmacology of aggression in children and adolescents with autism: A critical review of efficacy and tolerability.\n\t\t\t\t\tJournal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology, 18(2),\n\t\t\t\t\t157\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t178.\n\t\t\t\t\thttp:\/\/doi.org\/c7vgt2","DOI":"10.1089\/cap.2007.0041"},{"key":"2022021822454021800_i1944-7558-127-2-103-Piazza1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Piazza,\n              C. C.,\n            \n            \n              Fisher,\n              W.,\n            \n            \n              Hyman,\n              S. L.,\n            \n            \n              Fleishell,\n              J.,\n            \n            \n              Lou,\n              K. K.,\n             &\n\t\t\t\t\t\tCataldo,M.\n          (1994).\n\t\t\t\t\tEvaluation of pharmacologic treatment of destructive behaviors: Aggregated results from single-case experimental studies.\n\t\t\t\t\tJournal of Developmental and Physical Disabilities,\n\t\t\t\t\t6(2),\n\t\t\t\t\t149\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t168.\n\t\t\t\t\thttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF02579357","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02579357"},{"key":"2022021822454021800_i1944-7558-127-2-103-Pliszka1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pliszka,\n              S.,\n            \n          &\n\t\t\t\t\tAACAP Work Group on Quality Issues.(2007).\n\t\t\t\t\tPractice parameter for the assessment and treatment of children and adolescents with attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder.\n\t\t\t\t\tJournal of American Child Adolescent Psychiatry,\n\t\t\t\t\t46(7),\n\t\t\t\t\t894\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t921.\n\t\t\t\t\thttps:\/\/doi.org\/dtdcks","DOI":"10.1097\/chi.0b013e318054e724"},{"key":"2022021822454021800_i1944-7558-127-2-103-Reed1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Reed,\n              F. D.,\n             &\n\t\t\t\t\t\tCodding,R. S.\n          (2014).\n\t\t\t\t\tAdvancements in procedural fidelity assessment and intervention: Introduction to the special issue.\n\t\t\t\t\tJournal of Behavioral Education, 23,\n\t\t\t\t\t1\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t18.\n\t\t\t\t\thttps:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1007\/s10864-013-9191-3","DOI":"10.1007\/s10864-013-9191-3"},{"key":"2022021822454021800_i1944-7558-127-2-103-Reichow1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Reichow,\n              B.,\n            \n            \n              Barton,\n              E. E.,\n             &\n\t\t\t\t\t\tMaggin,D. M.\n          (2018).\n\t\t\t\t\tDevelopment and applications of the single-case design risk of bias tool for evaluating single-case design research study reports.\n\t\t\t\t\tResearch in Developmental Disabilities, 79,\n\t\t\t\t\t53\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t64.\n\t\t\t\t\thttps:\/\/doi.org\/gdq94g","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2018.05.008"},{"key":"2022021822454021800_i1944-7558-127-2-103-Rieken1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rieken,\n              C. J.,\n            \n            \n              Griffith,\n              A. K.,\n            \n            \n              D'Angelo,\n              J. H.,\n             &\n\t\t\t\t\t\tRe,T.\n          (2019).\n\t\t\t\t\tPsychotropic medication prescription for autism: Data sources for decision making.\n\t\t\t\t\tAdvances in Neurodevelopmental Disorders, 3,\n\t\t\t\t\t1\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t7.\n\t\t\t\t\thttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s41252-018-0078-0","DOI":"10.1007\/s41252-018-0078-0"},{"key":"2022021822454021800_i1944-7558-127-2-103-Roane1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Roane,\n              H. S.\n            \n          \n          (2008).\n\t\t\t\t\tOn the applied use of progressive ratio schedules of reinforcement.\n\t\t\t\t\tJournal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 41(2),\n\t\t\t\t\t155\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t161.\n\t\t\t\t\thttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1901\/jaba.2008.41-155","DOI":"10.1901\/jaba.2008.41-155"},{"key":"2022021822454021800_i1944-7558-127-2-103-Rush1","unstructured":"Rush,\n              A. J.,\n             &\n\t\t\t\t\t\tFrances,A.\n          (Eds.).\n          (2000).\n\t\t\t\t\tExpert consensus guidelines series: Treatment of psychiatric and behavioral problems in mental retardation.\n\t\t\t\t\tAmerican Journal on Mental Retardation, 105(3),\n\t\t\t\t\t159\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t228.\n\t\t\t\t\thttps:\/\/psycnet.apa.org\/record\/2000-16424-001"},{"key":"2022021822454021800_i1944-7558-127-2-103-Ryan1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ryan,\n              E. P.,\n            \n            \n              Helsel,\n              W. J.,\n            \n            \n              Lubetsky,\n              M. J.,\n            \n            \n              Miewald,\n              B. K.,\n            \n            \n              Hersen,\n              M.,\n             &\n\t\t\t\t\t\tBridge,J.\n          (1989).\n\t\t\t\t\tUse of naltrexone in reducing self-injurious behavior: A single case analysis.\n\t\t\t\t\tJournal of the Multihandicapped Person,\n\t\t\t\t\t2(4),\n\t\t\t\t\t295\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t309.\n\t\t\t\t\thttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF01098171","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01098171"},{"key":"2022021822454021800_i1944-7558-127-2-103-Sallee1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sallee,\n              F. R.,\n            \n            \n              Sethuraman,\n              G.,\n             &\n\t\t\t\t\t\tRock,C. M.\n          (1994).\n\t\t\t\t\tEffects of pimozide on cognition in children with Tourette syndrome: Interaction with comorbid attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.\n\t\t\t\t\tActa Psychiatrica Scandinavica,\n\t\t\t\t\t90(1),\n\t\t\t\t\t4\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t9.\n\t\t\t\t\thttps:\/\/doi.org\/b2sqr2","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1994.tb01546.x"},{"key":"2022021822454021800_i1944-7558-127-2-103-Sand1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sand,\n              P. L.,\n             &\n\t\t\t\t\t\tCarlson,C.\n          (1973).\n\t\t\t\t\tFailure to establish control over tics in the Gilles de la Tourette syndrome with behaviour therapy techniques.\n\t\t\t\t\tThe British Journal of Psychiatry,\n\t\t\t\t\t122(571),\n\t\t\t\t\t665\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t670.\n\t\t\t\t\thttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1192\/bjp.122.6.665","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.122.6.665"},{"key":"2022021822454021800_i1944-7558-127-2-103-Sandford1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sandford,\n              D.,\n             &\n\t\t\t\t\t\tNettelbeck,T.\n          (1982).\n\t\t\t\t\tMedication and reinforcement within a token programme for disturbed mentally retarded residents.\n\t\t\t\t\tApplied Research in Mental Retardation,\n\t\t\t\t\t3(1),\n\t\t\t\t\t21\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t36.\n\t\t\t\t\thttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0270-3092(82)90056-X","DOI":"10.1016\/0270-3092(82)90056-X"},{"key":"2022021822454021800_i1944-7558-127-2-103-Schaal1","unstructured":"Schaal,\n              D. W.,\n             &\n\t\t\t\t\t\tHackenberg,T.\n          (1994).\n\t\t\t\t\tToward a functional analysis of drug treatment for behavior problems of people with developmental disabilities.\n\t\t\t\t\tAmerican Journal on Mental Retardation, 99(2),\n\t\t\t\t\t123\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t140.\n\t\t\t\t\thttps:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/7803030\/"},{"key":"2022021822454021800_i1944-7558-127-2-103-Scheifes1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Scheifes,\n              A.,\n            \n            \n              de Jong,\n              D.,\n            \n            \n              Stolker,\n              J. J.,\n            \n            \n              Nijman,\n              H. L. I.,\n            \n            \n              Egberts,\n              T. C. G.,\n             &\n\t\t\t\t\t\tHeerdink,E. R.\n          (2013).\n\t\t\t\t\tPrevalence and characteristics of psychotropic drug use in institutionalized children and adolescents with mild intellectual disability.\n\t\t\t\t\tResearch in Developmental Disabilities,\n\t\t\t\t\t34(10),\n\t\t\t\t\t3159\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t3167.\n\t\t\t\t\thttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ridd.2013.06.009","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2013.06.009"},{"key":"2022021822454021800_i1944-7558-127-2-103-Schroeder1","unstructured":"Schroeder,\n              S. R.,\n            \n            \n              Lewis,\n              M. H.,\n             &\n\t\t\t\t\t\tLipton,M. A.\n          (1983).\n\t\t\t\t\tInteractions of pharmacotherapy and behavior therapy among children with learning and behavioral disorders.\n\t\t\t\t\tAdvances in Learning & Behavioral Disabilities,\n\t\t\t\t\t2,\n\t\t\t\t\t179\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t225.\n\t\t\t\t\thttps:\/\/psycnet.apa.org\/record\/1983-12801-001"},{"key":"2022021822454021800_i1944-7558-127-2-103-Singh1","unstructured":"Singh,\n              N. N.,\n             &\n\t\t\t\t\t\tAman,M. G.\n          (1981).\n\t\t\t\t\tEffects of thioridazine dosage on the behavior of severely mentally retarded persons.\n\t\t\t\t\tAmerican Journal of Mental Deficiency,\n\t\t\t\t\t85(6),\n\t\t\t\t\t580\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t587.\n\t\t\t\t\thttps:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/7023237\/"},{"key":"2022021822454021800_i1944-7558-127-2-103-Singh2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Singh,\n              N. N.,\n            \n            \n              Landrum,\n              T. J.,\n            \n            \n              Ellis,\n              C. R.,\n             &\n\t\t\t\t\t\tDonatelli,L. S.\n          (1993).\n\t\t\t\t\tEffects of thioridazine and visual screening on stereotypy and social behavior in individuals with mental retardation.\n\t\t\t\t\tResearch in Developmental Disabilities,\n\t\t\t\t\t14(3),\n\t\t\t\t\t163\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t177.\n\t\t\t\t\thttps:\/\/doi.org\/cs9jmz","DOI":"10.1016\/0891-4222(93)90028-I"},{"key":"2022021822454021800_i1944-7558-127-2-103-Singh3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Singh,\n              N. N.,\n             &\n\t\t\t\t\t\tWinton,A. S. W.\n          (1984).\n\t\t\t\t\tBehavioral monitoring of pharmacological interventions for self-injury.\n\t\t\t\t\tApplied Research in Mental Retardation,\n\t\t\t\t\t5(1),\n\t\t\t\t\t161\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t170.\n\t\t\t\t\thttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0270-3092(84)80028-4","DOI":"10.1016\/S0270-3092(84)80028-4"},{"key":"2022021822454021800_i1944-7558-127-2-103-Slifer1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Slifer,\n              K. J.,\n            \n            \n              Ivancic,\n              M. T.,\n            \n            \n              Parrish,\n              J. M.,\n            \n            \n              Page,\n              T. J.,\n             &\n\t\t\t\t\t\tBurgio,L. D.\n          (1986).\n\t\t\t\t\tAssessment and treatment of multiple behavior problems exhibited by a profoundly retarded adolescent.\n\t\t\t\t\tJournal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry,\n\t\t\t\t\t17(3),\n\t\t\t\t\t203\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t213.\n\t\t\t\t\thttps:\/\/doi.org\/dbv8mw","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-7916(86)90029-7"},{"key":"2022021822454021800_i1944-7558-127-2-103-Snyder1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Snyder,\n              R.,\n            \n            \n              Turgay,\n              A.,\n            \n            \n              Aman,\n              M.,\n            \n            \n              Binder,\n              C.,\n            \n            \n              Fisman,\n              S.,\n             &\n\t\t\t\t\t\tCarroll,A.\n          (2002).\n\t\t\t\t\tEffects of risperidone on conduct and disruptive behavior disorders in children with subaverage IQs.\n\t\t\t\t\tJournal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry,\n\t\t\t\t\t41(9),\n\t\t\t\t\t1026\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t1036.\n\t\t\t\t\thttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00004583-200209000-00002","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-200209000-00002"},{"key":"2022021822454021800_i1944-7558-127-2-103-Spencer1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Spencer,\n              D.,\n            \n            \n              Marshall,\n              J.,\n            \n            \n              Post,\n              B.,\n            \n            \n              Kulakodlu,\n              M.,\n            \n            \n              Newschaffer,\n              C.,\n            \n            \n              Dennen,\n              T.,\n            \n            \n              Azocar,\n              F.,\n             &\n\t\t\t\t\t\tJain,A.\n          (2013).\n\t\t\t\t\tPsychotropic medication use and polypharmacy in children with autism spectrum disorders.\n\t\t\t\t\tPediatrics, 132(5),\n\t\t\t\t\t833\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t840.\n\t\t\t\t\thttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1542\/peds.2012-3774","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2012-3774"},{"key":"2022021822454021800_i1944-7558-127-2-103-Sprague1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sprague,\n              R. L.,\n            \n            \n              Barnes,\n              K. R.,\n             &\n\t\t\t\t\t\tWerry,J. S.\n          (1970).\n\t\t\t\t\tMethylphenidate and thioridazine: Learning, reaction time, activity, and classroom behavior in disturbed children.\n\t\t\t\t\tAmerican Journal of Orthopsychiatry,\n\t\t\t\t\t40(4),\n\t\t\t\t\t615\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t628.\n\t\t\t\t\thttp:\/\/doi.org\/bh2sqw","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-0025.1970.tb00719.x"},{"key":"2022021822454021800_i1944-7558-127-2-103-Stovold1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stovold,\n              E.,\n            \n            \n              Beecher,\n              D.,\n            \n            \n              Foxlee,\n              R.,\n             &\n\t\t\t\t\t\tNoel-Storr,A.\n          (2014).\n\t\t\t\t\tStudy flow diagrams in Cochrane systematic review updates: An adapted PRISMA flow diagram.\n\t\t\t\t\tSystematic Reviews, 3(1),\n\t\t\t\t\t1\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t5.\n\t\t\t\t\thttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/2046-4053-3-54","DOI":"10.1186\/2046-4053-3-54"},{"key":"2022021822454021800_i1944-7558-127-2-103-Strong1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Strong,\n              C.,\n            \n            \n              Sulzbacher,\n              S. I.,\n             &\n\t\t\t\t\t\tKirkpatrick,M. A.\n          (1974).\n\t\t\t\t\tUse of medication versus reinforcement to modify a classroom behavior disorder.\n\t\t\t\t\tJournal of Learning Disabilities,\n\t\t\t\t\t7(4),\n\t\t\t\t\t214\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t218.\n\t\t\t\t\thttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/002221947400700406","DOI":"10.1177\/002221947400700406"},{"key":"2022021822454021800_i1944-7558-127-2-103-Sverd1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sverd,\n              J.,\n            \n            \n              Kupietz,\n              S. S.,\n            \n            \n              Winsberg,\n              B. G.,\n            \n            \n              Hurwic,\n              M. J.,\n             &\n\t\t\t\t\t\tBecker,L.\n          (1978).\n\t\t\t\t\tEffects of l-5-hydroxytryptophan in autistic children.\n\t\t\t\t\tJournal of Autism & Childhood Schizophrenia,\n\t\t\t\t\t8(2),\n\t\t\t\t\t171\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t180.\n\t\t\t\t\thttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF01537866","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01537866"},{"key":"2022021822454021800_i1944-7558-127-2-103-Thompson1","unstructured":"Thompson,\n              T.,\n            \n            \n              Moore,\n              T.,\n             &\n\t\t\t\t\t\tSymons,F.\n          (2007).\n\t\t\t\t\tPsychotherapeutic medications and positive behavior support.\n\t\t\t\t\tInOdomS. L.,HornerR. H.,SnellM. E., &\n\t\t\t\t\t\tBlacherJ.(Eds.),Handbook of developmental disabilities(pp.501\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t527).\n\t\t\t\t\tGuilford Press."},{"key":"2022021822454021800_i1944-7558-127-2-103-Valdovinos1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Valdovinos,\n              M. G.,\n            \n            \n              Nelson,\n              S. M.,\n            \n            \n              Kuhle,\n              J. L.,\n             &\n\t\t\t\t\t\tDierks,A. M.\n          (2009).\n\t\t\t\t\tUsing analogue functional analysis to measure variations in problem behavior rate and function after psychotropic medication changes: A clinical demonstration.\n\t\t\t\t\tJournal of Mental Health Research in Intellectual Disabilities,\n\t\t\t\t\t2(4),\n\t\t\t\t\t279\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t293.\n\t\t\t\t\thttps:\/\/doi.org\/fmppf2","DOI":"10.1080\/19315860903104807"},{"key":"2022021822454021800_i1944-7558-127-2-103-VanHaaren1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Van Haaren,\n              F.,\n             &\n\t\t\t\t\t\tWeeden,M.\n          (2013).\n\t\t\t\t\tSome guidelines for conducting research in applied behavioral pharmacology.\n\t\t\t\t\tJournal of Applied Behavior Analysis,\n\t\t\t\t\t46(2),\n\t\t\t\t\t498\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t506.\n\t\t\t\t\thttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jaba.47","DOI":"10.1002\/jaba.47"},{"key":"2022021822454021800_i1944-7558-127-2-103-Vitiello1","unstructured":"Vitiello,\n              B.\n            \n          \n          (2017).\n\t\t\t\t\tDevelopmental aspects of pediatric psychopharmacology.\n\t\t\t\t\tInMcVoyM. &\n\t\t\t\t\t\tFindlingR. L.(Eds.),Clinical manual of child and adolescent psychopharmacology (3rd ed.,\n\t\t\t\t\tpp.1\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t28).\n\t\t\t\t\tAmerican Psychiatric Association."},{"key":"2022021822454021800_i1944-7558-127-2-103-Waschbusch1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Waschbusch,\n              D. A.,\n            \n            \n              Pelham,\n              W. E.,\n            \n            \n              Waxmonsky,\n              J.,\n             &\n\t\t\t\t\t\tJohnson,C.\n          (2009).\n\t\t\t\t\tAre there placebo effects in the medication treatment of children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder?Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics, 30(2),\n\t\t\t\t\t158\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t168.\n\t\t\t\t\thttp:\/\/doi.org\/fttpkj","DOI":"10.1097\/DBP.0b013e31819f1c15"},{"key":"2022021822454021800_i1944-7558-127-2-103-Waxmonsky1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Waxmonsky,\n              J. G.,\n            \n            \n              Waschbusch,\n              D. A.,\n            \n            \n              Pelham,\n              W. E.,\n            \n            \n              Draganac-Cardona,\n              L.,\n            \n            \n              Rotella,\n              B.,\n             &\n\t\t\t\t\t\tRyan,L.\n          (2010).\n\t\t\t\t\tEffects of atomoxetine with and without behavior therapy on the school and home functioning of children with attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder.\n\t\t\t\t\tThe Journal of Clinical Psychiatry,\n\t\t\t\t\t71(11),\n\t\t\t\t\t1535\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t1551.\n\t\t\t\t\thttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.4088\/JCP.09m05496pur","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.09m05496pur"},{"key":"2022021822454021800_i1944-7558-127-2-103-Werry1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Werry,\n              J. S.,\n             &\n\t\t\t\t\t\tAman,M. G.\n          (1975).\n\t\t\t\t\tMethylphenidate and haloperidol in children: Effects on attention, memory, and activity.\n\t\t\t\t\tArchives of General Psychiatry,\n\t\t\t\t\t32(6),\n\t\t\t\t\t790\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t795.\n\t\t\t\t\thttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/archpsyc.1975.01760240118009","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1975.01760240118009"},{"key":"2022021822454021800_i1944-7558-127-2-103-Yoder1","unstructured":"Yoder,\n              P.,\n            \n            \n              Lloyd,\n              B.,\n             &\n\t\t\t\t\t\tSymons,F.\n          (2018).\n\t\t\t\t\tObservational measurement of behavior (2nd ed.).\n\t\t\t\t\tBrookes."},{"key":"2022021822454021800_i1944-7558-127-2-103-Zarcone1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zarcone,\n              J.,\n            \n            \n              Napolitano,\n              D.,\n             &\n\t\t\t\t\t\tValdovinos,M.\n          (2008).\n\t\t\t\t\tMeasurement of problem behaviour during medication evaluations.\n\t\t\t\t\tJournal of Intellectual Disability Research,\n\t\t\t\t\t52(12),\n\t\t\t\t\t1015\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t1028.\n\t\t\t\t\thttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2788.2008.01109.x","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2788.2008.01109.x"},{"key":"2022021822454021800_i1944-7558-127-2-103-Zarcone2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zarcone,\n              J. R.,\n            \n            \n              Hellings,\n              J. A.,\n            \n            \n              Crandall,\n              K.,\n            \n            \n              Reese,\n              R. M.,\n            \n            \n              Marquis,\n              J.,\n            \n            \n              Fleming,\n              K.,\n            \n            \n              Shores,\n              R.,\n            \n            \n              Williams,\n              D.,\n             &\n\t\t\t\t\t\tSchroeder,S. R.\n          (2001).\n\t\t\t\t\tEffects of risperidone on aberrant behavior of persons with developmental disabilities: I. A double-blind crossover study using multiple measures.\n\t\t\t\t\tAmerican Journal on Mental Retardation,\n\t\t\t\t\t106(6),\n\t\t\t\t\t525\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t538.\n\t\t\t\t\thttp:\/\/doi.org\/ctkpc2","DOI":"10.1352\/0895-8017(2001)106<0525:EOROAB>2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"2022021822454021800_i1944-7558-127-2-103-Zarcone3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zarcone,\n              J. R.,\n            \n            \n              Lindauer,\n              S. E.,\n            \n            \n              Morse,\n              P. S.,\n            \n            \n              Crosland,\n              K. A.,\n            \n            \n              Valdovinos,\n              M. G.,\n            \n            \n              McKerchar,\n              T. L.,\n            \n            \n              Matthew\n              Reese,\n             R.,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tHellings,J. A., &\n\t\t\t\t\t\tSchroeder,S. R.\n          (2004).\n\t\t\t\t\tEffects of risperidone on destructive behavior of persons with developmental disabilities: III. Functional analysis.\n\t\t\t\t\tAmerican Journal of Mental Retardation,\n\t\t\t\t\t109(4),\n\t\t\t\t\t310\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t321.\n\t\t\t\t\thttp:\/\/doi.org\/cps877","DOI":"10.1352\/0895-8017(2004)109<310:EORODB>2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"2022021822454021800_i1944-7558-127-2-103-Zito1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zito,\n              J. M.,\n            \n            \n              Derivan,\n              A. T.,\n            \n            \n              Kratochvil,\n              C. J.,\n            \n            \n              Safer,\n              D. J.,\n            \n            \n              Fegert,\n              J. M.,\n             &\n\t\t\t\t\t\tGreenhill,L. L.\n          (2008).\n\t\t\t\t\tOff-label psychopharmacologic prescribing for children: History supports close clinical monitoring.\n\t\t\t\t\tChild and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health, 2(1),\n\t\t\t\t\t24.\n\t\t\t\t\thttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1753-2000-2-24","DOI":"10.1186\/1753-2000-2-24"}],"container-title":["American Journal on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/meridian.allenpress.com\/ajidd\/article-pdf\/127\/2\/103\/3017275\/i1944-7558-127-2-103.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/meridian.allenpress.com\/ajidd\/article-pdf\/127\/2\/103\/3017275\/i1944-7558-127-2-103.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]],"date-time":"2026-01-13T16:34:58Z","timestamp":1768322098000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/meridian.allenpress.com\/ajidd\/article\/127\/2\/103\/478042\/A-Systematic-Review-of-Direct-Assessments-to"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,18]]},"references-count":101,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,18]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1352\/1944-7558-127.2.103","relation":{},"ISSN":["1944-7558","1944-7515"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1944-7558","type":"electronic"},{"value":"1944-7515","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,18]]}}}