{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,3]],"date-time":"2026-11-03T21:23:51Z","timestamp":1793741031356,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Informa UK Limited","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We studied whether there exist variations in pain responses between different intellectual and developmental disability (IDD) etiologies. Self-reports and facial expressions (Facial Action Coding System = FACS) were recorded during experimental pressure stimuli and compared among 31 individuals with IDD\u201413 with cerebral palsy (CP), nine with Down syndrome (DS), nine with unspecified origin (UIDD)\u2014and among 15 typically developing controls (TDCs). The CP and DS groups had higher pain ratings and FACS scores compared to the UIDD and TDC groups, and steeper stimulus-response functions. The DS group exhibited the most diverse facial expressions. There were variations in the foci of facial expressions between groups. It appears that different IDD etiologies display distinct pain responses.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1352\/1944-7558-127.5.417","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,26]],"date-time":"2022-08-26T11:44:31Z","timestamp":1661514271000},"page":"417-430","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Unique Pain Responses in Different Etiological Subgroups of Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities"],"prefix":"10.1080","volume":"127","author":[{"given":"Ruth","family":"Defrin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ruth Defrin, Tali Benromano, and Chaim G. Pick, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tali","family":"Benromano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ruth Defrin, Tali Benromano, and Chaim G. Pick, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chaim G.","family":"Pick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ruth Defrin, Tali Benromano, and Chaim G. Pick, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"301","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022082615283954100_i1944-7558-127-5-417-AguilarCordero1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aguilar Cordero,\n              M. J.,\n            \n          \n          \n            \n              Mur Villar,\n              N.,\n             &\n\t\t\t\t\t\tGarc\u00eda Garc\u00eda,I.\n          (2015).\n\t\t\t\t\tEvaluation of pain in healthy newborns and in newborns with developmental problems (Down syndrome).\n\t\t\t\t\tPain Management Nursing: Official Journal of the American Society of Pain Management Nurses,\n\t\t\t\t\t16, 267\u2013272.\n\t\t\t\t\thttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pmn.2014.08.001","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmn.2014.08.001"},{"key":"2022082615283954100_i1944-7558-127-5-417-Axmon1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Axmon,\n              A.,\n            \n            \n              Sandberg,\n              M.,\n            \n            \n              Ahlstr\u00f6m,\n              G.,\n             &\n\t\t\t\t\t\tMidl\u00f6v,P.\n          (2017).\n\t\t\t\t\tPrescription of potentially inappropriate medications among older people with intellectual disability: A register study. BMC Pharmacology & Toxicology, 18, 68.https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40360-017-0174-1","DOI":"10.1186\/s40360-017-0174-1"},{"key":"2022082615283954100_i1944-7558-127-5-417-Barney1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Barney,\n              C. C.,\n            \n            \n              Andersen,\n              R. D.,\n            \n            \n              Defrin,\n              R.,\n            \n            \n              Genik,\n              L. M.,\n            \n            \n              McGuire,\n              B. E.,\n             &\n\t\t\t\t\t\tSymons,F. J.\n          (2020).\n\t\t\t\t\tChallenges in pain assessment and management among individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities. Pain Reports, 5, e821.https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/PR9.0000000000000822","DOI":"10.1097\/PR9.0000000000000822"},{"key":"2022082615283954100_i1944-7558-127-5-417-Barney2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Barney,\n              C. C.,\n            \n            \n              Hoch,\n              J.,\n            \n            \n              Byiers,\n              B.,\n            \n            \n              Dimian,\n              A.,\n             &\n\t\t\t\t\t\tSymons,F. J.\n          (2015).\n\t\t\t\t\tA case-controlled investigation of pain experience and sensory function in neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis.\n\t\t\t\t\tThe Clinical Journal of Pain,\n\t\t\t\t\t31, 998\u20131003.\n\t\t\t\t\thttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/AJP.0000000000000192","DOI":"10.1097\/AJP.0000000000000192"},{"key":"2022082615283954100_i1944-7558-127-5-417-Barney3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Barney,\n              C. C.,\n            \n            \n              Merbler,\n              A. M.,\n            \n            \n              Quest,\n              K.,\n            \n            \n              Byiers,\n              B. J.,\n            \n            \n              Wilcox,\n              G. L.,\n            \n            \n              Schwantes,\n              S.,\n            \n            \n              Roiko,\n              S. A.,\n            \n            \n              Feyma,\n              T.,\n            \n            \n              Beisang,\n              A.,\n             &\n\t\t\t\t\t\tSymons,F. J.\n          (2017).\n\t\t\t\t\tA case-controlled comparison of postoperative analgesic dosing between girls with Rett syndrome and girls with and without developmental disability undergoing spinal fusion surgery.\n\t\t\t\t\tPaediatric Anaesthesia,\n\t\t\t\t\t27,\n\t\t\t\t\t290\u2013299.\n\t\t\t\t\thttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/pan.13066","DOI":"10.1111\/pan.13066"},{"key":"2022082615283954100_i1944-7558-127-5-417-Barney4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Barney,\n              C. C.,\n            \n            \n              Merbler,\n              A. M.,\n            \n            \n              Simone,\n              D. A.,\n             &\n\t\t\t\t\t\tWalk,D., &\n\t\t\t\t\t\tSymons,F. J.\n          (2020).\n\t\t\t\t\tInvestigating the feasibility of a modified quantitative sensory testing approach to profile sensory function and predict pain outcomes following intrathecal baclofen implant surgery in cerebral palsy.\n\t\t\t\t\tPain Medicine (Malden, Mass.),\n\t\t\t\t\t21, 109\u2013117.\n\t\t\t\t\thttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/pm\/pnz114","DOI":"10.1093\/pm\/pnz114"},{"key":"2022082615283954100_i1944-7558-127-5-417-Barney5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Barney,\n              C. C.,\n            \n            \n              Tervo,\n              R.,\n            \n            \n              Wilcox,\n              G. L.,\n             &\n\t\t\t\t\t\tSymons,F. J.\n          (2017).\n\t\t\t\t\tA case-controlled investigation of tactile reactivity in young children with and without global developmental delay.\n\t\t\t\t\tAmerican Journal on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities,\n\t\t\t\t\t122, 409\u2013421.\n\t\t\t\t\thttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1352\/1944-7558-122.5.409","DOI":"10.1352\/1944-7558-122.5.409"},{"key":"2022082615283954100_i1944-7558-127-5-417-Benromano1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Benromano,\n              T.,\n            \n            \n              Pick,\n              C. G.,\n            \n            \n              Granovsky,\n              Y.,\n             &\n\t\t\t\t\t\tDefrin,R.\n          (2017).\n\t\t\t\t\tIncreased evoked potentials and behavioral indices in response to pain among individuals with intellectual disability.\n\t\t\t\t\tPain Medicine (Malden, Mass.),\n\t\t\t\t\t18, 1715\u20131730.\n\t\t\t\t\thttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/pm\/pnw349","DOI":"10.1093\/pm\/pnw349"},{"key":"2022082615283954100_i1944-7558-127-5-417-Benromano2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Benromano,\n              T.,\n            \n            \n              Pick,\n              C. G.,\n            \n            \n              Merick,\n              J.,\n             &\n\t\t\t\t\t\tDefrin,R.\n          (2017).\n\t\t\t\t\tPhysiological and behavioral responses to calibrated noxious stimuli among individuals with cerebral palsy and intellectual disability.\n\t\t\t\t\tPain Medicine (Malden, Mass.),\n\t\t\t\t\t18, 441\u2013453.\n\t\t\t\t\thttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/pm\/pnw155","DOI":"10.1093\/pm\/pnw155"},{"key":"2022082615283954100_i1944-7558-127-5-417-BergstromIsacsson1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bergstr\u00f6m-Isacsson,\n              M.,\n            \n            \n              Lagerkvist,\n              B.,\n            \n            \n              Holck,\n              U.,\n             &\n\t\t\t\t\t\tGold,C.\n          (2013).\n\t\t\t\t\tHow facial expressions in a Rett syndrome population are recognised and interpreted by those around them as conveying emotions.\n\t\t\t\t\tResearch in Developmental Disabilities,\n\t\t\t\t\t34, 788\u2013794.\n\t\t\t\t\thttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ridd.2012.10.011","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2012.10.011"},{"key":"2022082615283954100_i1944-7558-127-5-417-Biersdorff1","unstructured":"Biersdorff,\n              K.\n            \n          \n          (1994).\n\t\t\t\t\tIncidence of significantly altered pain experience among adults with developmental disabilities.\n\t\t\t\t\tAmerican Journal of Mental Retardation, 98, 69\u2013131.\n\t\t\t\t\tPMID: 8192908"},{"key":"2022082615283954100_i1944-7558-127-5-417-Breau1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Breau,\n              L. M.,\n             &\n\t\t\t\t\t\tBurkitt,C.\n          (2009).\n\t\t\t\t\tAssessing pain in children with intellectual disabilities.\n\t\t\t\t\tPain Research & Management,\n\t\t\t\t\t14, 116\u2013120.\n\t\t\t\t\thttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2009\/642352","DOI":"10.1155\/2009\/642352"},{"key":"2022082615283954100_i1944-7558-127-5-417-Breau2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Breau,\n              L. M.,\n            \n            \n              McGrath,\n              P. J.,\n            \n            \n              Craig,\n              K. D.,\n            \n            \n              Santor,\n              D.,\n            \n            \n              Cassidy,\n              K. L.,\n             &\n\t\t\t\t\t\tReid,G. J.\n          (2001).\n\t\t\t\t\tFacial expression of children receiving immunizations: A principal components analysis of the child facial coding system.\n\t\t\t\t\tThe Clinical Journal of Pain,\n\t\t\t\t\t17, 178\u2013186.\n\t\t\t\t\thttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00002508-200106000-00011","DOI":"10.1097\/00002508-200106000-00011"},{"key":"2022082615283954100_i1944-7558-127-5-417-Butler1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Butler,\n              J. V.,\n            \n            \n              Whittington,\n              J. E.,\n            \n            \n              Holland,\n              A. J.,\n            \n            \n              Boer,\n              H.,\n            \n            \n              Clarke,\n              D.,\n             &\n\t\t\t\t\t\tWebb,T.\n          (2002).\n\t\t\t\t\tPrevalence of, and risk factors for, physical ill-health in people with Prader-Willi syndrome: a population-based study.\n\t\t\t\t\tDevelopmental Medicine and Child Neurology,\n\t\t\t\t\t44, 248\u2013255.\n\t\t\t\t\thttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s001216220100202x","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.2002.tb00800.x"},{"key":"2022082615283954100_i1944-7558-127-5-417-Cascio1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cascio,\n              C.,\n            \n            \n              McGlone,\n              F.,\n            \n            \n              Folger,\n              S.,\n            \n            \n              Tannan,\n              V.,\n            \n            \n              Baranek,\n              G.,\n            \n            \n              Pelphrey,\n              K. A.,\n             &\n\t\t\t\t\t\tEssick,G.\n          (2008).\n\t\t\t\t\tTactile perception in adults with autism: A multidimensional psychophysical study.\n\t\t\t\t\tJournal of Autism and Developmental Disorders,\n\t\t\t\t\t38, 127\u2013137.\n\t\t\t\t\thttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10803-007-0370-8","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-007-0370-8"},{"key":"2022082615283954100_i1944-7558-127-5-417-Chen1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen,\n              Y. J.,\n             &\n\t\t\t\t\t\tFang,P. C.\n          (2005).\n\t\t\t\t\tSensory evoked potentials in infants with Down syndrome.\n\t\t\t\t\tActa paediatrica (Oslo, Norway: 1992),\n\t\t\t\t\t94, 1615\u20131618.\n\t\t\t\t\thttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/08035250500252609","DOI":"10.1080\/08035250500252609"},{"key":"2022082615283954100_i1944-7558-127-5-417-deKnegt1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"de Knegt,\n              N.,\n             &\n\t\t\t\t\t\tScherder,E.\n          (2011).\n\t\t\t\t\tPain in adults with intellectual disabilities.\n\t\t\t\t\tPain,\n\t\t\t\t\t152, 971\u2013974.\n\t\t\t\t\thttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pain.2010.11.001","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2010.11.001"},{"key":"2022082615283954100_i1944-7558-127-5-417-Defrin1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Defrin,\n              R.,\n            \n            \n              Benromano,\n              T.,\n             &\n\t\t\t\t\t\tPick,C. G.\n          (2021).\n\t\t\t\t\tSpecific behavioral responses rather than autonomic responses can indicate and quantify acute pain among individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities. Brain Sciences, 11, 253.https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/brainsci11020253","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci11020253"},{"key":"2022082615283954100_i1944-7558-127-5-417-Defrin2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Defrin,\n              R.,\n            \n            \n              Lotan,\n              M.,\n             &\n\t\t\t\t\t\tPick,C. G.\n          (2006).\n\t\t\t\t\tThe evaluation of acute pain in individuals with cognitive impairment: A differential effect of the level of impairment.\n\t\t\t\t\tPain,\n\t\t\t\t\t124, 312\u2013320.\n\t\t\t\t\thttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pain.2006.04.031","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2006.04.031"},{"key":"2022082615283954100_i1944-7558-127-5-417-Defrin3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Defrin,\n              R.,\n            \n            \n              Pick,\n              C. G.,\n            \n            \n              Peretz,\n              C.,\n             &\n\t\t\t\t\t\tCarmeli,E.\n          (2004).\n\t\t\t\t\tA quantitative somatosensory testing of pain threshold in individuals with mental retardation.\n\t\t\t\t\tPain,\n\t\t\t\t\t108, 58\u201366.\n\t\t\t\t\thttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pain.2003.12.003","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2003.12.003"},{"key":"2022082615283954100_i1944-7558-127-5-417-Downs1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Downs,\n              J.,\n            \n            \n              G\u00e9ranton,\n              S. M.,\n            \n            \n              Bebbington,\n              A.,\n            \n            \n              Jacoby,\n              P.,\n            \n            \n              Bahi-Buisson,\n              N.,\n            \n            \n              Ravine,\n              D.,\n             &\n\t\t\t\t\t\tLeonard,H.\n          (2010).\n\t\t\t\t\tLinking MECP2 and pain sensitivity: The example of Rett syndrome. American Journal of Medical Genetics.\n\t\t\t\t\tPart A,\n\t\t\t\t\t152A, 1197\u20131205.\n\t\t\t\t\thttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ajmg.a.33314","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.a.33314"},{"key":"2022082615283954100_i1944-7558-127-5-417-Ekman1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ekman,\n              P.,\n             &\n\t\t\t\t\t\tFriesen,W. V.\n          (1978).\n\t\t\t\t\tInvestigators guide to the facial action coding system.\n\t\t\t\t\tConsulting Psychologist Press.","DOI":"10.1037\/t27734-000"},{"key":"2022082615283954100_i1944-7558-127-5-417-Finlayson1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Finlayson,\n              J.,\n            \n            \n              Morrison,\n              J.,\n            \n            \n              Jackson,\n              A.,\n            \n            \n              Mantry,\n              D.,\n             &\n\t\t\t\t\t\tCooper,S. A.\n          (2010).\n\t\t\t\t\tInjuries, falls and accidents among adults with intellectual disabilities: Prospective cohort study.\n\t\t\t\t\tJournal of Intellectual Disability Research: JIDR,\n\t\t\t\t\t54, 966\u2013980.\n\t\t\t\t\thttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2788.2010.01319.x","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2788.2010.01319.x"},{"key":"2022082615283954100_i1944-7558-127-5-417-Freeman1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Freeman\n              S.\n            \n          \n          (2013)\n          Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence.\n\t\t\t\t\tInVolkmarF. R.(Eds.),Encyclopedia of autism spectrum disorders.\n\t\t\t\t\tSpringer.\n\t\t\t\t\thttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-1-4419-1698-3_866","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4419-1698-3_866"},{"key":"2022082615283954100_i1944-7558-127-5-417-Genik1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Genik,\n              L. M.,\n            \n            \n              McMurtry,\n              C. M.,\n             &\n\t\t\t\t\t\tBreau,L. M.\n          (2017).\n\t\t\t\t\tCaring for children with intellectual disabilities part 2: Detailed analyses of factors involved in respite workers' reported assessment and care decisions.\n\t\t\t\t\tResearch in Developmental Disabilities,\n\t\t\t\t\t63, 1\u201310.\n\t\t\t\t\thttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ridd.2017.01.021","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2017.01.021"},{"key":"2022082615283954100_i1944-7558-127-5-417-Hadjistavropoulos1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hadjistavropoulos,\n              H. D.,\n            \n            \n              Ross,\n              M. A.,\n             &\n\t\t\t\t\t\tvon Baeyer,C. L.\n          (1990).\n\t\t\t\t\tAre physicians' ratings of pain affected by patients' physical attractiveness?Social Science & Medicine (1982),\n\t\t\t\t\t31, 69\u201372.\n\t\t\t\t\thttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0277-9536(90)90011-g","DOI":"10.1016\/0277-9536(90)90011-G"},{"key":"2022082615283954100_i1944-7558-127-5-417-Hampton1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hampton,\n              A. J. D,\n            \n            \n              Hadjistavropoulos,\n              T.,\n             &\n\t\t\t\t\t\tGagnon,M. M.\n          (2018).\n\t\t\t\t\tContextual influences in decoding pain expressions: Effects of patient age, informational priming, and observer characteristics.\n\t\t\t\t\tPain,\n\t\t\t\t\t159,\n\t\t\t\t\t2363\u20132374.\n\t\t\t\t\thttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000001345","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000001345"},{"key":"2022082615283954100_i1944-7558-127-5-417-Hennequin1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hennequin,\n              M.,\n            \n            \n              Morin,\n              C.,\n             &\n\t\t\t\t\t\tFeine,J. S.\n          (2000).\n\t\t\t\t\tPain expression and stimulus localization in individuals with Down's syndrome.\n\t\t\t\t\tLancet (London, England),\n\t\t\t\t\t356, 1882\u20131887.\n\t\t\t\t\thttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0140-6736(00)03259-1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)03259-1"},{"key":"2022082615283954100_i1944-7558-127-5-417-Ho1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ho,\n              P.,\n            \n            \n              Bulsara,\n              M.,\n            \n            \n              Downs,\n              J.,\n            \n            \n              Patman,\n              S.,\n            \n            \n              Bulsara,\n              C.,\n             &\n\t\t\t\t\t\tHill,A. M.\n          (2019).\n\t\t\t\t\tIncidence and prevalence of falls in adults with intellectual disability living in the community: A systematic review.\n\t\t\t\t\tJBI Database of Systematic Reviews and Implementation Reports,\n\t\t\t\t\t17, 390\u2013413.\n\t\t\t\t\thttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.11124\/JBISRIR-2017-003798","DOI":"10.11124\/JBISRIR-2017-003798"},{"key":"2022082615283954100_i1944-7558-127-5-417-Huang1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Huang,\n              J.,\n            \n            \n              Zhu,\n              T.,\n            \n            \n              Qu,\n              Y.,\n             &\n\t\t\t\t\t\tMu,D.\n          (2016).\n\t\t\t\t\tPrenatal, perinatal and neonatal risk factors for intellectual disability: A systematic review and meta-analysis.\n\t\t\t\t\tPLoS One, 11, e0153655.https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0153655","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0153655"},{"key":"2022082615283954100_i1944-7558-127-5-417-Kinnear1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kinnear,\n              D.,\n            \n            \n              Morrison,\n              J.,\n            \n            \n              Allan,\n              L.,\n            \n            \n              Henderson,\n              A.,\n            \n            \n              Smiley,\n              E.,\n             &\n\t\t\t\t\t\tCooper,S. A.\n          (2018).\n\t\t\t\t\tPrevalence of physical conditions and multimorbidity in a cohort of adults with intellectual disabilities with and without Down syndrome: Cross-sectional study.\n\t\t\t\t\tBMJ Open, 8, e018292.https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2017-018292","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2017-018292"},{"key":"2022082615283954100_i1944-7558-127-5-417-Kunz1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kunz,\n              M.,\n            \n            \n              Meixner,\n              D.,\n             &\n\t\t\t\t\t\tLautenbacher,S.\n          (2019).\n\t\t\t\t\tFacial muscle movements encoding pain-a systematic review.\n\t\t\t\t\tPain, 160,\n\t\t\t\t\t535\u2013549.\n\t\t\t\t\thttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000001424","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000001424"},{"key":"2022082615283954100_i1944-7558-127-5-417-LaChapelle1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"LaChapelle,\n              D. L.,\n            \n            \n              Hadijistavropoulos,\n              R.,\n             &\n\t\t\t\t\t\tCraig,K. D.\n          (1999).\n\t\t\t\t\tPain measurement in persons with intellectual disability.\n\t\t\t\t\tThe Clinical Journal of Pain,\n\t\t\t\t\t15,\n\t\t\t\t\t13\u201323.\n\t\t\t\t\thttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00002508-199903000-00004","DOI":"10.1097\/00002508-199903000-00004"},{"key":"2022082615283954100_i1944-7558-127-5-417-McGuire1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"McGuire,\n              B. E.,\n            \n            \n              Daly,\n              P.,\n             &\n\t\t\t\t\t\tSmyth,F.\n          (2010).\n\t\t\t\t\tChronic pain in people with an intellectual disability: Under-recognised and under-treated?Journal of Intellectual Disability Research: JIDR, 54, 240\u2013245.\n\t\t\t\t\thttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2788.2010.01254.x","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2788.2010.01254.x"},{"key":"2022082615283954100_i1944-7558-127-5-417-Oberlander1","unstructured":"Oberlander,\n              T. F.,\n             &\n\t\t\t\t\t\tSymons,F.\n          (2006).\n\t\t\t\t\tThe problem of pain in developmental disability.\n\t\t\t\t\tInOberlanderT. F &\n\t\t\t\t\t\tSymonsF. J.(Eds.),Pain in developmental disabilities.\n\t\t\t\t\tPaul H. Brookes."},{"key":"2022082615283954100_i1944-7558-127-5-417-Pannek1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pannek,\n              K.,\n            \n            \n              Boyd,\n              R. N.,\n            \n            \n              Fiori,\n              S.,\n            \n            \n              Guzzetta,\n              A.,\n             &\n\t\t\t\t\t\tRose,S. E.\n          (2014).\n\t\t\t\t\tAssessment of the structural brain network reveals altered connectivity in children with unilateral cerebral palsy due to periventricular white matter lesions. NeuroImage.\n\t\t\t\t\tClinical,\n\t\t\t\t\t5,\n\t\t\t\t\t84\u201392.\n\t\t\t\t\thttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nicl.2014.05.018","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2014.05.018"},{"key":"2022082615283954100_i1944-7558-127-5-417-Priano1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Priano,\n              L.,\n            \n            \n              Miscio,\n              G.,\n            \n            \n              Grugni,\n              G.,\n            \n            \n              Milano,\n              E.,\n            \n            \n              Baudo,\n              S.,\n            \n            \n              Sellitti,\n              L.,\n            \n            \n              Picconi,\n              R.,\n             &\n\t\t\t\t\t\tMauro,A.\n          (2009).\n\t\t\t\t\tOn the origin of sensory impairment and altered pain perception in Prader-Willi syndrome: A neurophysiological study.\n\t\t\t\t\tEuropean Journal of Pain (London, England),\n\t\t\t\t\t13, 829\u2013835.\n\t\t\t\t\thttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejpain.2008.09.011","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpain.2008.09.011"},{"key":"2022082615283954100_i1944-7558-127-5-417-Prkachin1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Prkachin,\n              K. M.,\n             &\n\t\t\t\t\t\tMercer,S. R.\n          (1989).\n\t\t\t\t\tPain expression in patients with shoulder pathology: Validity, properties and relationship to sickness impact.\n\t\t\t\t\tPain, 39, 257\u2013265.\n\t\t\t\t\thttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0304-3959(89)90038-9","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3959(89)90038-9"},{"key":"2022082615283954100_i1944-7558-127-5-417-Prkachin2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Prkachin,\n              K. M.,\n             &\n\t\t\t\t\t\tCraig,K. D.\n          (1995).\n\t\t\t\t\tExpressing pain: The communication and interpretation of facial pain signals.\n\t\t\t\t\tJournal of Nonverbal Behavior, 19, 191\u2013205.\n\t\t\t\t\thttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF02173080","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02173080"},{"key":"2022082615283954100_i1944-7558-127-5-417-Qin1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Qin,\n              Y.,\n            \n            \n              Li,\n              Y.,\n            \n            \n              Sun,\n              B.,\n            \n            \n              He,\n              H.,\n            \n            \n              Peng,\n              R.,\n            \n            \n              Zhang,\n              T.,\n            \n            \n              Li,\n              J.,\n            \n            \n              Luo,\n              C.,\n            \n            \n              Sun,\n              C.,\n             &\n\t\t\t\t\t\tYao,D.\n          (2018).\n\t\t\t\t\tFunctional Connectivity alterations in children with spastic and dyskinetic cerebral palsy.\n\t\t\t\t\tNeural Plasticity, 2018, 7058953.https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2018\/7058953","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/7058953"},{"key":"2022082615283954100_i1944-7558-127-5-417-Rattaz1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rattaz,\n              C.,\n            \n            \n              Dubois,\n              A.,\n            \n            \n              Michelon,\n              C.,\n            \n            \n              Viellard,\n              M.,\n            \n            \n              Poinso,\n              F.,\n             &\n\t\t\t\t\t\tBaghdadli,A.\n          (2013).\n\t\t\t\t\tHow do children with autism spectrum disorders express pain? A comparison with developmentally delayed and typically developing children.\n\t\t\t\t\tPain, 154, 2007\u201313.\n\t\t\t\t\thttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pain.2013.06.011","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2013.06.011"},{"key":"2022082615283954100_i1944-7558-127-5-417-Riquelme1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Riquelme,\n              I.,\n            \n            \n              Cifre,\n              I.,\n             &\n\t\t\t\t\t\tMontoya,P.\n          (2015).\n\t\t\t\t\tAre physiotherapists reliable proxies for the recognition of pain in individuals with cerebral palsy? A cross sectional study.\n\t\t\t\t\tDisability and Health Journal,\n\t\t\t\t\t8, 264\u2013270.\n\t\t\t\t\thttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.dhjo.2014.08.009","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dhjo.2014.08.009"},{"key":"2022082615283954100_i1944-7558-127-5-417-Riquelme2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Riquelme,\n              I.,\n             &\n\t\t\t\t\t\tMontoya,P.\n          (2010).\n\t\t\t\t\tDevelopmental changes in somatosensory processing in cerebral palsy and healthy individuals.\n\t\t\t\t\tClinical Neurophysiology: Official Journal of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology,\n\t\t\t\t\t121, 1314\u20131320.\n\t\t\t\t\thttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clinph.2010.03.010","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2010.03.010"},{"key":"2022082615283954100_i1944-7558-127-5-417-Riquelme3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Riquelme,\n              I.,\n            \n            \n              Padr\u00f3n,\n              I.,\n            \n            \n              Cifre,\n              I.,\n            \n            \n              Gonz\u00e1lez-Rold\u00e1n,\n              A. M.,\n             &\n\t\t\t\t\t\tMontoya,P.\n          (2014).\n\t\t\t\t\tDifferences in somatosensory processing due to dominant hemispheric motor impairment in cerebral palsy. BMC Neuroscience, 15, 10.https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1471-2202-15-10","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2202-15-10"},{"key":"2022082615283954100_i1944-7558-127-5-417-Segerlantz1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Segerlantz,\n              M.,\n            \n            \n              Axmon,\n              A.,\n            \n          \n          \n            \n              Gagnemo Persson,\n              R.,\n            \n            \n              Brun,\n              E.,\n             &\n\t\t\t\t\t\tAhlstr\u00f6m,G.\n          (2019).\n\t\t\t\t\tPrescription of pain medication among older cancer patients with and without an intellectual disability: A national register study. BMC Cancer, 19, 1040.https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12885-019-6290-0","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-019-6290-0"},{"key":"2022082615283954100_i1944-7558-127-5-417-Shinde1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shinde,\n              S. K.,\n            \n            \n              Danov,\n              S.,\n            \n            \n              Chen,\n              C. C.,\n            \n            \n              Clary,\n              J.,\n            \n            \n              Harper,\n              V.,\n            \n            \n              Bodfish,\n              J. W.,\n             &\n\t\t\t\t\t\tSymons,F. J.\n          (2014).\n\t\t\t\t\tConvergent validity evidence for the Pain and Discomfort Scale (Pads) for pain assessment among adults with intellectual disability.\n\t\t\t\t\tThe Clinical Journal of Pain, 30, 536\u2013543.\n\t\t\t\t\thttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/AJP.0000000000000020","DOI":"10.1097\/AJP.0000000000000020"},{"key":"2022082615283954100_i1944-7558-127-5-417-Shiohama1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shiohama,\n              T.,\n            \n            \n              Levman,\n              J.,\n            \n            \n              Baumer,\n              N.,\n             &\n\t\t\t\t\t\tTakahashi,E.\n          (2019).\n\t\t\t\t\tStructural magnetic resonance imaging-based brain morphology study in infants and toddlers with Down syndrome: The effect of comorbidities.\n\t\t\t\t\tPediatric Neurology,\n\t\t\t\t\t100, 67\u201373.\n\t\t\t\t\thttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pediatrneurol.2019.03.015","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pediatrneurol.2019.03.015"},{"key":"2022082615283954100_i1944-7558-127-5-417-Symons1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Symons,\n              F. J.,\n            \n            \n              Barney,\n              C. C.,\n            \n            \n              Byiers,\n              B. J.,\n            \n            \n              McAdams,\n              B. D.,\n            \n            \n              Foster,\n              S. X. Y. L.,\n            \n            \n              Feyma,\n              T. J.,\n            \n            \n              Wendelschafer-Crabb,\n              G.,\n             &\n\t\t\t\t\t\tKennedy,W. R.\n          (2019).\n\t\t\t\t\tA clinical case-control comparison of epidermal innervation density in Rett syndrome.\n\t\t\t\t\tBrain and Behavior, 9, e01285.https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/brb3.1285","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.1285"},{"key":"2022082615283954100_i1944-7558-127-5-417-Symons2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Symons,\n              F. J.,\n            \n            \n              Harper,\n              V.,\n            \n            \n              Shinde,\n              S. K.,\n            \n            \n              Clary,\n              J.,\n             &Bodfish, J. W.\n\t\t\t\t\t\n          (2010).\n\t\t\t\t\tEvaluating a sham-controlled sensory-testing protocol for nonverbal adults with neurodevelopmental disorders: Self-injury and gender effects.\n\t\t\t\t\tThe Journal of Pain,\n\t\t\t\t\t11, 773\u2013781.\n\t\t\t\t\thttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpain.2009.11.011","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2009.11.011"},{"key":"2022082615283954100_i1944-7558-127-5-417-Tervo1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tervo,\n              R. C.,\n            \n            \n              Symons,\n              F.,\n            \n            \n              Stout,\n              J.,\n             &\n\t\t\t\t\t\tNovacheck,T.\n          (2006).\n\t\t\t\t\tParental report of pain and associated limitations in ambulatory children with cerebral palsy.\n\t\t\t\t\tArchives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 87,\n\t\t\t\t\t928\u2013934.\n\t\t\t\t\thttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apmr.2006.02.023","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2006.02.023"},{"key":"2022082615283954100_i1944-7558-127-5-417-Tsou1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tsou,\n              A. Y.,\n            \n            \n              Bulova,\n              P.,\n            \n            \n              Capone,\n              G.,\n            \n            \n              Chicoine,\n              B.,\n            \n            \n              Gelaro,\n              B.,\n            \n            \n              Harville,\n              T. O.,\n            \n            \n              Martin,\n              B. A.,\n            \n            \n              McGuire,\n              D.,\n            \n            \n              McKelvey,\n              K. D.,\n            \n            \n              Peterson,\n              M.,\n            \n            \n              Tyler,\n              C.,\n            \n            \n              Wells,\n              M.,\n             &\n\t\t\t\t\t\tWhitten,M. S.\n          (2020).\n\t\t\t\t\tGlobal Down syndrome foundation medical care guidelines for adults with Down syndrome workgroup. Medical care of adults with Down syndrome: A clinical guideline.\n\t\t\t\t\tThe Journal of the American Medical Association, 324, 1543\u20131556.\n\t\t\t\t\thttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2020.17024","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.17024"},{"key":"2022082615283954100_i1944-7558-127-5-417-Valkenburg1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Valkenburg,\n              A. J.,\n            \n            \n              Tibboel,\n              D.,\n             &\n\t\t\t\t\t\tvan Dijk,M.\n          (2015).\n\t\t\t\t\tPain sensitivity of children with Down syndrome and their siblings: Quantitative sensory testing versus parental reports.\n\t\t\t\t\tDevelopmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 57,\n\t\t\t\t\t1049\u20131055.\n\t\t\t\t\thttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/dmcn.12823","DOI":"10.1111\/dmcn.12823"},{"key":"2022082615283954100_i1944-7558-127-5-417-vanderSlot1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"van der Slot,\n              W. M. A.,\n            \n            \n              Benner,\n              J. L.,\n            \n            \n              Brunton,\n              L.,\n            \n            \n              Engel,\n              J. M.,\n            \n            \n              Gallien,\n              P.,\n            \n            \n              Hilberink,\n              S. R.,\n            \n            \n              M\u00e5num,\n              G.,\n            \n            \n              Morgan,\n              P.,\n            \n            \n              Opheim,\n              A.,\n            \n            \n              Riquelme,\n              I.,\n            \n            \n              Rodby-Bousquet,\n              E.,\n            \n            \n              \u015eim\u015fek,\n              T. T.,\n            \n            \n              Thorpe,\n              D. E.,\n             van den Berg-Emons. R. J. G.,\n\t\t\t\t\t\n          \n            \n              Vogtle,\n              L. K.,\n            \n            \n              Papageorgiou,\n              G.,\n             &\n\t\t\t\t\t\tRoebroeck,M. E.\n          (2020).\n\t\t\t\t\tPain in adults with cerebral palsy: A systematic review and meta-analysis of individual participant data. Annals of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, 64, 101359.https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.rehab.2019.12.011","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rehab.2019.12.011"},{"key":"2022082615283954100_i1944-7558-127-5-417-vanGorp1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"van Gorp,\n              M.,\n            \n            \n              Hilberink,\n              S. R.,\n            \n            \n              Noten,\n              S.,\n            \n            \n              Benner,\n              J. L.,\n            \n            \n              Stam,\n              H. J.,\n            \n            \n              van der Slot,\n              W. M. A.,\n             &\n\t\t\t\t\t\tRoebroeck,M. E.\n          (2020).\n\t\t\t\t\tEpidemiology of cerebral palsy in adulthood: A systematic review and meta-analysis of the most frequently studied outcomes.\n\t\t\t\t\tArchives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 101, 1041\u20131052.\n\t\t\t\t\thttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apmr.2020.01.009","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2020.01.009"},{"key":"2022082615283954100_i1944-7558-127-5-417-Vega1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vega,\n              J. N.,\n            \n            \n              Hohman,\n              T. J.,\n            \n            \n              Pryweller,\n              J. R.,\n            \n            \n              Dykens,\n              E. M.,\n             &\n\t\t\t\t\t\tThornton-Wells,T. A.\n          (2015).\n\t\t\t\t\tResting-state functional connectivity in individuals with Down syndrome and Williams syndrome compared with typically developing controls.\n\t\t\t\t\tBrain Connectivity, 5, 461\u2013475.\n\t\t\t\t\thttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/brain.2014.0266","DOI":"10.1089\/brain.2014.0266"},{"key":"2022082615283954100_i1944-7558-127-5-417-Walsh1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Walsh,\n              M.,\n            \n            \n              Morrison,\n              T. G.,\n             &\n\t\t\t\t\t\tMcGuire,B. E.\n          (2011).\n\t\t\t\t\tChronic pain in adults with an intellectual disability: Prevalence, impact, and health service use based on caregiver report.\n\t\t\t\t\tPain,\n\t\t\t\t\t152, 1951\u20131957.\n\t\t\t\t\thttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pain.2011.02.031","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2011.02.031"},{"key":"2022082615283954100_i1944-7558-127-5-417-Wechsler1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wechsler\n              D.\n            \n          \n          (2003).\n\t\t\t\t\tWechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, 4th ed.\n\t\t\t\t\tPsychological Corporation.","DOI":"10.1037\/t15174-000"},{"key":"2022082615283954100_i1944-7558-127-5-417-Wilson1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wilson,\n              L. R.,\n            \n            \n              Vatansever,\n              D.,\n            \n            \n              Annus,\n              T.,\n            \n            \n              Williams,\n              G. B.,\n            \n            \n              Hong,\n              Y. T.,\n            \n            \n              Fryer,\n              T. D.,\n            \n            \n              Nestor,\n              P. J.,\n            \n            \n              Holland,\n              A. J.,\n             &\n\t\t\t\t\t\tZaman,S. H.\n          (2019).\n\t\t\t\t\tDifferential effects of Down's syndrome and Alzheimer's neuropathology on default mode connectivity.\n\t\t\t\t\tHuman Brain Mapping, 40, 4551\u20134563.\n\t\t\t\t\thttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/hbm.24720","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.24720"}],"container-title":["American Journal on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/meridian.allenpress.com\/ajidd\/article-pdf\/127\/5\/417\/3107601\/i1944-7558-127-5-417.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/meridian.allenpress.com\/ajidd\/article-pdf\/127\/5\/417\/3107601\/i1944-7558-127-5-417.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]],"date-time":"2026-01-13T16:35:01Z","timestamp":1768322101000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/meridian.allenpress.com\/ajidd\/article\/127\/5\/417\/485365\/Unique-Pain-Responses-in-Different-Etiological"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,26]]},"references-count":58,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,26]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1352\/1944-7558-127.5.417","relation":{},"ISSN":["1944-7558","1944-7515"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1944-7558","type":"electronic"},{"value":"1944-7515","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,26]]}}}