{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]],"date-time":"2025-10-22T17:43:33Z","timestamp":1761155013335},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Project MUSE","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["bhm"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">In 1876, discussions of the role of microorganisms in disease causation focused on anthrax and wound infections, and even in respect to these diseases there was controversy. In a series of papers on the pathologicality of bacteria, Edwin Klebs identified four \" Grundversuche \" (fundamental tests) that provided a basis for his own research strategy. The Grundversuche can be read as the following hypotheses: first, all bacteria are pathological; second, bacteria never occur spontaneously; third, every disease is caused only by bacteria; and fourth, the bacteria that cause distinguishable disease are distinguishable. Although some of these hypotheses are literally false, together they constitute part of a rational basis for a bacterial theory of disease, and, as such, they mark a true revolution in etiological thought.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1353\/bhm.2001.0164","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,2,7]],"date-time":"2007-02-07T02:57:04Z","timestamp":1170817024000},"page":"771-781","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Edwin Klebs's Grundversuche"],"prefix":"10.1353","volume":"75","author":[{"given":"K. Codell","family":"Carter","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"147","container-title":["Bulletin of the History of Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,19]],"date-time":"2024-01-19T17:20:37Z","timestamp":1705684837000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/muse.jhu.edu\/article\/4763"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2001,12]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,12]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1353\/bhm.2001.0164","relation":{},"ISSN":["1086-3176"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1086-3176"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2001,12]]}}}