{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T04:04:23Z","timestamp":1791518663321,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Duke University Press","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>The effect of education on health has been increasing over the past several decades. We hypothesize that this increasing disparity is related to health-related technical progress: more-educated people are the first to take advantage of technological advances that improve health. We test this hypothesis using data on disease-specific mortality rates for 1980 and 1990, and cancer registry data for 1973\u20131993. We estimate education gradients in mortality using compulsory schooling as a measure of education. We then relate these gradients to two measures of health-related innovation: the number of active drug ingredients available to treat a disease, and the rate of change in mortality from that disease. We find that more-educated individuals have a greater survival advantage in those diseases for which there has been more health-related technological progress.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1353\/dem.0.0017","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,8,17]],"date-time":"2008-08-17T13:00:40Z","timestamp":1218978040000},"page":"741-761","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":250,"title":["Technological innovation and inequality in health"],"prefix":"10.1215","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"Sherry","family":"Glied","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Policy and Management Department of Economics, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adriana","family":"Lleras-Muney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Economics Department and Woodrow Wilson School, 320 Wallace Hall, Princeton, NJ 0854"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"73","reference":[{"key":"2021032512365522300_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3386\/w7444","volume-title":"How Large Are the Social Returns to Education? Evidence From Compulsory Schooling Laws","author":"Acemoglu","year":"1999"},{"key":"2021032512365522300_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-1765(03)00032-6","article-title":"Interaction Terms in Logit and Probit Models","volume":"80","author":"Ai","year":"2003","journal-title":"Economics Letters"},{"key":"2021032512365522300_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1086\/319567","article-title":"Technology and the Wage Structure","volume":"19","author":"Allen","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of Labor Economics"},{"key":"2021032512365522300_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"979","DOI":"10.2307\/2937954","article-title":"Does Compulsory School Attendance Affect Schooling and Earnings?","volume":"106","author":"Angrist","year":"1991","journal-title":"Quarterly Journal of Economics"},{"key":"2021032512365522300_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1086\/250061","article-title":"Technological Change and Wages: An Interindustry Analysis","volume":"107","author":"Bartel","year":"1999","journal-title":"Journal of Political Economy"},{"key":"2021032512365522300_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1161","DOI":"10.1016\/S0277-9536(96)00262-6","article-title":"Socio-economic Differences in General Practitioner and Outpatient Specialist Care in the Netherlands: A Matter of Health Insurance?","volume":"44","author":"Bongers","year":"1997","journal-title":"Social Science and Medicine"},{"key":"2021032512365522300_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1093\/fampra\/8.3.276","article-title":"Decision Making and Prescribing Patterns\u2014A Literature Review","volume":"8","author":"Bradley","year":"1991","journal-title":"Family Practice"},{"key":"2021032512365522300_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3386\/w9513","volume-title":"Geography and Racial Health Disparities","author":"Chandra","year":"2003"},{"key":"2021032512365522300_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1541","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/91.18.1541","article-title":"Validation Studies for Models Projecting the Risk of Invasive and Total Breast Cancer Incidence","volume":"91","author":"Constantino","year":"1999","journal-title":"Journal of the National Cancer Institute"},{"key":"2021032512365522300_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1097\/00126334-200010010-00005","article-title":"Prevalence and Predictors of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy Use in Persons With HIV Infection","volume":"25","author":"Cunningham","year":"2000","journal-title":"U.S. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes"},{"key":"2021032512365522300_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1257\/jep.20.3.97","article-title":"The Determinants of Mortality","volume":"20","author":"Cutler","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Economic Perspectives"},{"key":"2021032512365522300_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3386\/w8556","volume-title":"Changes in the Age Distribution of Mortality Over the 20th Century","author":"Cutler","year":"2001"},{"key":"2021032512365522300_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"920","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMsa054744","article-title":"The Value of Medical Spending in the United States, 1960\u20132000","volume":"355","author":"Cutler","year":"2006","journal-title":"New England Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"2021032512365522300_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1596\/1813-9450-3289","volume-title":"How Does the Impact of an HIV\/AIDS Information Campaign Vary With Educational Attainment? Evidence From Rural Uganda","author":"de Walque","year":"2004"},{"key":"2021032512365522300_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/0277-9536(95)00062-3","article-title":"Educational Differentials in Mortality: United States, 1979\u201385","volume":"42","author":"Elo","year":"1996","journal-title":"Social Science and Medicine"},{"key":"2021032512365522300_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.7208\/chicago\/9780226267944.001.0001","article-title":"Time Preference and Health: An Exploratory Study","volume-title":"Economic Aspects of Health","author":"Fuchs","year":"1982"},{"issue":"5","key":"2021032512365522300_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.20.5.30","article-title":"Physicians\u2019 Views of the Relative Importance of Thirty Medical Innovations","volume":"20","author":"Fuchs","year":"2001","journal-title":"Health Affairs"},{"key":"2021032512365522300_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3386\/w10075","volume-title":"Mass Secondary Schooling and the State","author":"Goldin","year":"2003"},{"key":"2021032512365522300_CR19","first-page":"347","article-title":"The Human Capital Model","volume-title":"Handbook of Health Economics","author":"Grossman","year":"2000"},{"key":"2021032512365522300_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3386\/w9730","volume-title":"Adoption of New Technology","author":"Hall","year":"2003"},{"key":"2021032512365522300_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1711","DOI":"10.1016\/S0959-8049(03)00392-7","article-title":"Survival Analyses From the ZEBRA Study. Goserelin (Zoladex) Versus CMF in Premenopausal Women With Node-Positive Breast Cancer","volume":"39","author":"Kaufmann","year":"2003","journal-title":"European Journal of Cancer"},{"key":"2021032512365522300_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4159\/harvard.9780674188471","volume-title":"Differential Mortality in the United States: A Study in Socioeconomic Epidemiology","author":"Kitagwa","year":"1973"},{"key":"2021032512365522300_CR23"},{"key":"2021032512365522300_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1111\/1468-0009.00096","article-title":"Social Epidemiology and the Fundamental Cause Concept: On the Structuring of Effective Cancer Screens by Socioeconomic Status","volume":"76","author":"Link","year":"1998","journal-title":"Milbank Quarterly"},{"key":"2021032512365522300_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.2307\/2626958","article-title":"Social Conditions as Fundamental Causes of Disease","volume":"35","author":"Link","year":"1995","journal-title":"Journal of Health and Social Behavior"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021032512365522300_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1086\/340393","article-title":"Were State Laws on Compulsory Education Effective? An Analysis From 1915 to 1939","volume":"45","author":"Lleras-Muney","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of Law and Economics"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021032512365522300_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1111\/0034-6527.00329","article-title":"The Relationship Between Education and Adult Mortality in the U.S","volume":"72","author":"Lleras-Muney","year":"2005","journal-title":"Review of Economic Studies"},{"key":"2021032512365522300_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3386\/w9185","volume-title":"The Effect of Education on Medical Technology Adoption: Are the More Educated More Likely to Use New Drugs?","author":"Lleras-Muney","year":"2002"},{"key":"2021032512365522300_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"830","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyg209","article-title":"Widening Socioeconomic Inequalities in Mortality in Six Western European Countries","volume":"32","author":"Mackenback","year":"2003","journal-title":"International Journal of Epidemiology"},{"key":"2021032512365522300_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-1765(96)00882-8","article-title":"Compulsory Schooling Legislation and School Attendance in Turn-of-The Century America: A \u2018Natural Experiment.\u2019","volume":"53","author":"Margo","year":"1996","journal-title":"Economics Letters"},{"key":"2021032512365522300_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1353\/dem.2000.0007","article-title":"Diverging Fertility Among U.S. Women Who Delay Childbearing Past Age 30","volume":"37","author":"Martin","year":"2000","journal-title":"Demography"},{"key":"2021032512365522300_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3386\/w8231","volume-title":"Why Is Health Related to Socio-economic Status?","author":"Meara","year":"2001"},{"key":"2021032512365522300_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1257\/000282804322970751","article-title":"The Effect of Education on Criminal Activity: Evidence From Prison Inmates, Arrests and Self-Reports","volume":"94","author":"Moretti","year":"2004","journal-title":"American Economic Review"},{"key":"2021032512365522300_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7208\/chicago\/9780226551791.001.0001","volume-title":"Measuring the Gains From Medical Research: An Economic Approach","author":"Murphy","year":"2003"},{"key":"2021032512365522300_CR35"},{"key":"2021032512365522300_CR36","volume-title":"Data File Documentations, Compressed Mortality Files, 2000 (machine readable data file and documentation, CD-ROM Series, Series Number 20. No. 2A)","year":"1968\u20131988"},{"key":"2021032512365522300_CR37","volume-title":"Science and Engineering Indicators\u20142000","year":"2000"},{"key":"2021032512365522300_CR38","first-page":"69","article-title":"Investment in Humans, Technological Diffusion and Economics Growth","volume":"56","author":"Nelson","year":"1966","journal-title":"American Economic Review"},{"key":"2021032512365522300_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1417","DOI":"10.2307\/1911408","article-title":"Biases in Dynamic Models With Fixed Effects","volume":"49","author":"Nickell","year":"1981","journal-title":"Econometrica"},{"key":"2021032512365522300_CR40","first-page":"9","volume-title":"Measuring the Gains From Medical Research: An Economic Approach","author":"Nordhaus","year":"2002"},{"key":"2021032512365522300_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3386\/w10155","volume-title":"Do Dropouts Drop Out Too Soon? International Evidence From Changes in School Leaving Laws","author":"Oreopoulos","year":"2003"},{"key":"2021032512365522300_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199307083290207","article-title":"The Increasing Disparity in Mortality Between Socioeconomic Groups in the United States, 1960 and 1986","volume":"329","author":"Pappas","year":"1993","journal-title":"New England Journal of Medicine"},{"issue":"No. 2","key":"2021032512365522300_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1093\/geronb\/60.Special_Issue_2.S27","article-title":"Controlling Disease and Creating Disparities: A Fundamental Cause Perspective","volume":"60","author":"Phelan","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journals of Gerontology Series\u2014Psychological Sciences & Social Sciences"},{"key":"2021032512365522300_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1177\/002214650404500303","article-title":"Fundamental Causes of Social Inequalities in Mortality: A Test of the Theory","volume":"45","author":"Phelan","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Health and Social Behavior"},{"key":"2021032512365522300_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1515\/9781400861897","volume-title":"Fatal Years: Child Mortality in Late Nineteenth-Century America","author":"Preston","year":"1991"},{"key":"2021032512365522300_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwf048","article-title":"Risk Factors for Invasive Epithelial Ovarian Cancer: Results From a Swedish Case-Control Study","volume":"156","author":"Riman","year":"2002","journal-title":"American Journal of Epidemiology"},{"key":"2021032512365522300_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197603112941104","article-title":"Measuring the Quality of Medical Care. A Clinical Method","volume":"294","author":"Rutstein","year":"1976","journal-title":"New England Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"2021032512365522300_CR48","volume-title":"Measuring Heterogeneity in the Returns to Education in Norway Using Education Reforms","author":"Salvanes","year":"2003"},{"key":"2021032512365522300_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2109","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2002.08.056","article-title":"How Sociodemographics, Presence of Oncology Specialists, and Hospital Cancer Programs Affect Accrual to Cancer Treatment Trials","volume":"20","author":"Sateren","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Oncology"},{"key":"2021032512365522300_CR50"},{"key":"2021032512365522300_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1002\/hec.919","article-title":"Explaining Income-Related Inequalities in Doctor Utilisation in Europe","volume":"13","author":"Van Doorslaer","year":"2004","journal-title":"Health Economics"},{"key":"2021032512365522300_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.2307\/1924697","article-title":"The Adoption of Interrelated Innovations: A Human Capital Approach","volume":"66","author":"Wozniak","year":"1984","journal-title":"Review of Economics and Statistics"}],"container-title":["Demography"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/read.dukeupress.edu\/demography\/article-pdf\/45\/3\/741\/909047\/741glied.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/read.dukeupress.edu\/demography\/article-pdf\/45\/3\/741\/909047\/741glied.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,25]],"date-time":"2021-03-25T12:39:29Z","timestamp":1616675969000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/read.dukeupress.edu\/demography\/article\/45\/3\/741\/169854\/Technological-innovation-and-inequality-in-health"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,8,1]]},"references-count":52,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,8,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1353\/dem.0.0017","relation":{},"ISSN":["0070-3370","1533-7790"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0070-3370","type":"print"},{"value":"1533-7790","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,8,1]]}}}