{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,16]],"date-time":"2024-09-16T23:08:18Z","timestamp":1726528098769},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Project MUSE","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["pbm"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">This article examines smallpox vaccination in the 19th century as background for a notorious medical malpractice case that occupied Bavarian courts fromApril 1853 until May 1854. Dr. Georg H\u00fcbner, the defendant, was accused of having initiated a small epidemic of syphilis by using the lymph of a syphilitic infant to vaccinate 13 infants. The litigation and its published contemporaneous discussion demonstrate conflicts in the understanding of syphilis, the hazards of having to make a purely clinical diagnosis, the effect of obsolete legal wording in medical litigation, and the attitude of leading physicians to a guilty colleague. This case ultimately led to efforts to make arm-to-arm smallpox vaccination safer, and by 1898 to abandon the technique in favor of bovine sources that were sterilized and stabilized by various methods.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1353\/pbm.2012.0000","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,5]],"date-time":"2012-03-05T20:46:20Z","timestamp":1330980380000},"page":"92-113","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Vaccination-Induced Syphilis and the H\u00fcbner Malpractice Litigation"],"prefix":"10.1353","volume":"55","author":[{"given":"Thomas G.","family":"Benedek","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"147","container-title":["Perspectives in Biology and Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,21]],"date-time":"2024-01-21T17:58:54Z","timestamp":1705859934000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/muse.jhu.edu\/article\/467650"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,12]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,12]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1353\/pbm.2012.0000","relation":{},"ISSN":["1529-8795"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1529-8795"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,12]]}}}