{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T18:21:07Z","timestamp":1784830867353,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,1]],"date-time":"2007-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1172707200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vet Pathol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> A total of 210 frog samples originating either from a mass mortality (1991\/1992) or from routine postmortem investigations of the years 1990 to 2004 were examined retrospectively for a possible involvement of Chlamydiae. For a prevalence study of Chlamydia in a selected Swiss amphibian population, 403 samples from free-ranging Rana temporaria were examined. Histopathology, immunohistochemistry using a monoclonal antibody against chlamydial lipopolysaccharide, and a 16S rRNA polymerase chain reaction (PCR) followed by DNA sequencing were performed on the formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissues. Using PCR, 8 of 54 (14.8%) frog samples from the mass mortality (1991\/1992) were positive for Chlamydia suis S45. A control group of healthy Xenopus laevis had 3 of 38 positive samples, sequenced as C suis S45 (2\/3) and an endosymbiont of Acanthamoeba species UWE1 (1\/ 3). Chlamydophila pneumoniae TW-183 was detected from exotic frogs kept in a zoo. Of the frogs collected for the prevalence study, 6 of 238 (2.5%) tested positive, 1 each for C suis S45, Cp pneumoniae TW-183, and uncultured Chlamydiales CRG22, and the remaining 3 revealed Chlamydophila abortus S26\/3. In immunohistochemistry, there were 2 positive labeling reactions, 1 in intestine and the other in the epithelium coating the body cavity, both testing positive for Cp pneumoniae TW-183 in PCR. Histologically there were no lesions recorded being characteristic for Chlamydia. Although there is a prevalence of Chlamydia in Swiss frogs, no connection to a mass mortality (1991\/1992) could be established. For the first time, C suis S45 and Cp abortus S26\/3 were detected in frog material. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1354\/vp.44-2-144","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,2,22]],"date-time":"2007-02-22T22:13:38Z","timestamp":1172182418000},"page":"144-150","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":49,"title":["Chlamydiae in Free-Ranging and Captive Frogs in Switzerland"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"C.","family":"Blumer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Switzerland (CB, RW, LV, AP)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D. 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