{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T09:37:23Z","timestamp":1791020243645,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,1]],"date-time":"2009-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1230768000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Cell proliferation and PTH secretion in the parathyroid gland are known to be regulated by vitamin D and extracellular calcium. Here, we examined the vitamin D\u2013independent effects of correction of extracellular calcium in an adult-onset secondary hyperparathyroidism (sHPT) model, using mice with a nonfunctioning vitamin D receptor (VDR). Wildtype and homozygous VDR mutant mice were kept on a rescue diet (RD) containing 2% calcium (Ca), 1.25% phosphorus (P), and 20% lactose until they were 4 mo or 1 yr of age. Subsequently, 4-mo-old mice were switched to a challenge diet (CD) containing the following: 0.5% Ca, 0.4% P, and 0% lactose. After 2 mo on the CD, groups of VDR mutant mice were either fed CD, a normal mouse chow with 0.9% Ca, 0.7% P, and 0% lactose, or the RD for another 3 mo. Feeding the RD protected VDR mutants against sHPT over 1 yr, showing that vitamin D is not essential for long-term control of the function and proliferation of parathyroid cells. When 4-mo-old VDR mutants were switched from the RD to the CD for 2 mo, they developed severe sHPT associated with hypertrophy and hyperplasia of parathyroid glands and profound bone loss. Subsequent feeding of the RD during a 3-mo therapy phase fully corrected sHPT, reduced chief cell proliferation, and reduced maximum parathyroid gland area by 25% by cell atrophy. There was no evidence of RD-induced chief cell apoptosis. We conclude that signaling by the calcium-sensing receptor regulates chief cell function and size in the absence of signaling through the VDR.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.0080904","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,12,16]],"date-time":"2008-12-16T21:18:20Z","timestamp":1229462300000},"page":"22-32","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Vitamin D\u2013Independent Therapeutic Effects of Extracellular Calcium in a Mouse Model of Adult-Onset Secondary Hyperparathyroidism"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Karin","family":"Weber","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Animal Physiology, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ute","family":"Zeitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Pathophysiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"Bergow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Pathophysiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sieglinde","family":"Hirmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Animal Physiology, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christiane","family":"Sch\u00fcler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Pathophysiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reinhold G","family":"Erben","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Pathophysiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria"},{"name":"Institute of Animal Physiology, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,12,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024020320055324200_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1038\/366575a0","article-title":"Cloning and characterization of an extracellular Ca(2+)-sensing receptor from bovine parathyroid","volume":"366","author":"Brown","year":"1993","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2024020320055324200_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1113","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI109026","article-title":"Parathyroid hormone responses to catecholamines and to changes of extracellular calcium in cows","volume":"61","author":"Blum","year":"1978","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"2024020320055324200_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1053","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI113946","article-title":"Hypocalcemia increases and hypercalcemia decreases the steady-state level of parathyroid hormone messenger RNA in the rat","volume":"83","author":"Yamamoto","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"2024020320055324200_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-125-1-275","article-title":"Calcium regulates parathyroid hormone messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA), but not calcitonin mRNA in vivo in the rat. 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