{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]],"date-time":"2026-01-23T15:26:58Z","timestamp":1769182018313,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,6,1]],"date-time":"2004-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1086048000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>In an in vitro study, we found significant associations between QUS variables and properties and geometrical parameters of the compact bone of human finger phalanges. QUS variables were not only related to BMD but also to other skeletal properties, which explained 70% of the variability of speed of sound.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Introduction: Transverse transmission quantitative ultrasound (QUS) measurements at the finger phalanges are known to be correlated with BMD and to predict osteoporotic fractures. To determine which other skeletal properties are affected by ultrasound, we investigated the impact of density, geometry, and porosity on QUS variables in vitro.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Materials and Methods: Ultrasound variables were correlated with density, porosity, and geometrical characteristics of cortical bone. Additionally, we tested which combinations of geometry and bone properties best predicted the ultrasound results observed. Forty-four proximal phalanges from the middle finger were investigated at their distal metaphysis, similar to the typical clinical measurement procedure. Donor age ranged from 52 to 98 years (15 males and 29 females; mean age, 80.9 \u00b1 9.4 years). QUS variables were measured on the metaphysis of the phalanges using the DBMSonic 1200. Quantitative CT was used for the measurement of BMD, and high-resolution MRI was used for the measurement of porosity and geometrical variables.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Results: Speed of sound (SOS) and the clinically used variable AD-SOS correlated significantly with area, relative area, density, and porosity of the compact bone (R2 = 0.28-0.58, p &amp;lt; 0.0001). Signal amplitude correlated significantly only with relative area of the compact bone and area of the medullary canal (R2 = 0.18-0.20, p &amp;lt; 0.01). The combination of cortical area, density, and porosity improved the determination of SOS to R2 = 0.70, with a residual unexplained variability of 54 m\/s (3.2%).<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Conclusions: These results clarify the impact of skeletal properties on QUS variables. SOS is affected by cortical area, cortical bone density, and cortical porosity, whereas attenuation only depends on geometry of the medulla. AD-SOS, the variable routinely measured in clinical practice, is primarily affected by cortical area. QUS of the finger phalanges is not only related to BMD but also to other skeletal properties.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.040131","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,4,27]],"date-time":"2006-04-27T06:45:46Z","timestamp":1146120346000},"page":"924-930","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":76,"title":["Assessing Bone Status Beyond BMD: Evaluation of Bone Geometry and Porosity by Quantitative Ultrasound of Human Finger Phalanges"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Satoru","family":"Sakata","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Medizinische Physik, Klinik f\u00fcr Diagnostische Radiologie, Universit\u00e4tsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Reinhard","family":"Barkmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medizinische Physik, Klinik f\u00fcr Diagnostische Radiologie, Universit\u00e4tsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eva-Maria","family":"Lochm\u00fcller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e4tsfrauenklinik der Ludwig Maximilians, Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen, M\u00fcnchen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Heller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medizinische Physik, Klinik f\u00fcr Diagnostische Radiologie, Universit\u00e4tsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Claus-Christian","family":"Gl\u00fcer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medizinische Physik, Klinik f\u00fcr Diagnostische Radiologie, Universit\u00e4tsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,12,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024013019201956600_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1535","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(96)07088-2","article-title":"Randomised trial of effect of alendronate on risk of fracture in women with existing vertebral fractures","volume":"348","author":"Black","year":"1996","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2024013019201956600_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.85.1.6267","article-title":"Antifracture efficacy of antiresorptive agents are related to changes in bone density","volume":"85","author":"Wasnich","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2024013019201956600_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1280","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.1997.12.8.1280","article-title":"Quantitative ultrasound techniques for the assessment of osteoporosis: Expert agreement on current status","volume":"12","author":"Gl\u00fcer","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"2024013019201956600_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01623682","article-title":"The epidemiology of Quantitative ultrasound: A review of the relationships with bone mass, osteoporosis and fracture risk","volume":"7","author":"Gregg","year":"1997","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"key":"2024013019201956600_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00310168","article-title":"Three quantitative ultrasound parameters reflect bone structure","volume":"55","author":"Gl\u00fcer","year":"1994","journal-title":"Calcif Tissue Int"},{"key":"2024013019201956600_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02352260","article-title":"Quantitative ultrasound of the heel: Correlation with densitometric measurements at different skeletal sites","volume":"4","author":"Faulkner","year":"1994","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"key":"2024013019201956600_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1016\/8756-3282(94)00041-7","article-title":"Do ultrasound measurements on the os calsis reflect more the bone microarchitecture than the bone mass: A two dimensional histomorphometric study","volume":"16","author":"Hans","year":"1995","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"2024013019201956600_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1013","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/39\/6\/007","article-title":"The dependence of ultrasonic properties on orientation in human vertebral bone","volume":"39","author":"Nicholson","year":"1994","journal-title":"Phys Med Biol"},{"key":"2024013019201956600_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02565132","article-title":"Ultrasonic velocity as a predictor of strength in bovine cancellous bone","volume":"49","author":"Turner","year":"1991","journal-title":"Calcif Tissue Int"},{"key":"2024013019201956600_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1886","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.2001.16.10.1886","article-title":"Quantitative ultrasound and trabecular architecture in the human calcaneus","volume":"16","author":"Nicholson","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"2024013019201956600_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02242458","article-title":"Ultrasound transmission velocity of the proximal phalanxes of the non-dominant hand in the study of osteoporosis","volume":"16","author":"Scavalli","year":"1997","journal-title":"Clin Rheumatol"},{"key":"2024013019201956600_bib12","first-page":"427","article-title":"Ultrasound velocity measured at the proximal phalanges: Precision and age-related changes in normal females","volume":"6","author":"Duboeuf","year":"1996","journal-title":"Rev Rhum"},{"key":"2024013019201956600_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1007\/s002239900681","article-title":"Determination of calcaneal ultrasound properties ex situ: Reproducibility, effects of storage, formalin fixation, maceration, and changes in anatomic measurement site","volume":"65","author":"Popperl","year":"1999","journal-title":"Calcif Tissue Int"},{"key":"2024013019201956600_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1007\/s001980050119","article-title":"Evaluation of finger ultrasound in the assessment of bone status with application of rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"9","author":"Njeh","year":"1999","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"key":"2024013019201956600_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01622735","article-title":"Pathways of transmission of ultrasound energy through the distal metaphysis of the second phalange of pigs: An in vitro study","volume":"6","author":"Cadossi","year":"1996","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"key":"2024013019201956600_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1385\/JCD:2:3:241","article-title":"Factors influencing the speed of sound through the proximal phalanges","volume":"2","author":"Njeh","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Clin Densitom"},{"key":"2024013019201956600_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1007\/s001980070053","article-title":"Assessment of the geometry of human finger phalanges using Quantitative ultrasound in vivo","volume":"11","author":"Barkmann","year":"2000","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"key":"2024013019201956600_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1007\/s001980050149","article-title":"Reference curve and diagnostic sensitivity for a new ultrasound device for the phalanges, the DBMsonic 1200, in Belgian women","volume":"9","author":"Joly","year":"1999","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"key":"2024013019201956600_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1603","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.2000.15.8.1603","article-title":"Phalangeal osteosonogrammetry study: Age-related changes, diagnostic sensitivity, and discrimination power","volume":"15","author":"W\u00fcster","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"2024013019201956600_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1016\/8756-3282(94)90292-5","article-title":"Metacarpal cortical thickness by computed radiography in osteoporosis","volume":"15","author":"Rico","year":"1994","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"2024013019201956600_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"983","DOI":"10.1118\/1.596980","article-title":"Computer-aided diagnosis: Detection and characterization of hyperparathyroidism in digital hand radiographs","volume":"20","author":"Chang","year":"1993","journal-title":"Med Phys"},{"key":"2024013019201956600_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2008-1032635","article-title":"Ultraschallgeschwindigkeitsmessungen zur Diagnose der postmenopausalen Osteoporose","volume":"158","author":"Jergas","year":"1993","journal-title":"Fortschr R\u00f6ntgenstr[b]"},{"key":"2024013019201956600_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1007\/s001980050081","article-title":"Ultrasound measurements at the proximal phalanges in healthy women and patients with hip fractures","volume":"8","author":"Alenfeld","year":"1998","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"key":"2024013019201956600_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02652561","article-title":"Three-year longitudinal study with quantitative ultrasound at the hand phalanx in a female population","volume":"7","author":"Mele","year":"1997","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"key":"2024013019201956600_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.2002.17.1.162","article-title":"Bone strength at clinically relevant sites displays substantial heterogeneity and is best predicted from site-specific bone densitometry","volume":"17","author":"Eckstein","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"2024013019201956600_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"906","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.2003.18.5.906","article-title":"Can novel clinical densitometric techniques replace or improve DXA in predicting bone strength in osteoporosis at the hip and other skeletal sites?","volume":"18","author":"Lochmuller","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"2024013019201956600_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01623010","article-title":"Ultrasound velocity changes at the proximal phalanges of the hand in pre-, peri-, and postmenopausal women","volume":"6","author":"Ventura","year":"1996","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"key":"2024013019201956600_bib28","first-page":"S219","article-title":"Bildgebung zur dreidimensionalen Darstellung der trabekul\u00e4ren Knochenstruktur des Calcaneus","volume":"164","author":"K\u00fchn","year":"1996","journal-title":"Fortschr R\u00f6ntgenstr"},{"key":"2024013019201956600_bib29","first-page":"S169","article-title":"Broadband ultrasound attenuation of the heel versus single photon absorptiometry of the heel: Do these techniques measure different entities?","volume":"6","author":"Gl\u00fcer","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"2024013019201956600_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1292","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.5650110914","article-title":"Mineral anisotropy in mineralized tissues is similar among species and mineral growth occurs independently of collagen orientation in rats: Results from acoustic velocity measurements","volume":"11","author":"Takano","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"2024013019201956600_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/0141-5425(91)90057-E","article-title":"Pathway of ultrasound waves in the equine third metacarpal bone","volume":"13","author":"Langton","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Biomed Eng"},{"key":"2024013019201956600_bib32","first-page":"103","article-title":"Ultrasound bone velocity and metacarpal radiogrametry in hemodialyzed patients","volume":"20","author":"Rico","year":"1994","journal-title":"Miner Electrolyte Metab"},{"key":"2024013019201956600_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1213","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.1998.13.8.1213","article-title":"A structural approach to renal bone disease","volume":"13","author":"Parfitt","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"2024013019201956600_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/0221-8747(84)90063-8","article-title":"Expansion of the medullary cavity at the expense of cortex in postmenopausal osteoporosis","volume":"5","author":"Keshawarz","year":"1984","journal-title":"Metab Bone Dis Relat Res"},{"key":"2024013019201956600_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1210\/edrv.23.3.0465","article-title":"Sex steroids and the construction and conservation of the adult skeleton","volume":"23","author":"Riggs","year":"2002","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"key":"2024013019201956600_bib36","first-page":"705","article-title":"Osteoclastic resorption of Haversian systems in cortical bone of femoral neck in aged women. A scanning electron microscopic study","volume":"109","author":"Chai","year":"1996","journal-title":"Chin Med J (Engl)"},{"key":"2024013019201956600_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1063","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9290(87)90024-8","article-title":"The elastic anisotropy of bone","volume":"20","author":"Katz","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Biomech"},{"key":"2024013019201956600_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1007\/s002230001192","article-title":"Effect of fixation, soft-tissues, and scan projection on bone mineral measurements with dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA)","volume":"68","author":"Lochm\u00fcller","year":"2001","journal-title":"Calcif Tissue Int"},{"key":"2024013019201956600_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1007\/s198-002-8338-8","article-title":"German pediatric reference data for quantitative transverse transmission ultrasound of finger phalanges","volume":"13","author":"Barkmann","year":"2002","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"key":"2024013019201956600_bib40","first-page":"S1","article-title":"Monitoring alendronate therapy with Quantitative Ultrasound (QUS) and Dual X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA)","volume":"14","author":"Machado","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"2024013019201956600_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"868","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.5650100607","article-title":"Impact of soft tissue on in vivo accuracy of bone mineral measurements in the spine, hip and forearm: A human cadaver study","volume":"10","author":"Svendsen","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"2024013019201956600_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1007\/s001980070126","article-title":"In situ femoral dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry related to ash weight, bone size and density, and its relationship with mechanical failure loads of the proximal femur","volume":"11","author":"Lochm\u00fcller","year":"2000","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"}],"container-title":["Journal of Bone and Mineral Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1359%2FJBMR.040131","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jbmr\/article-pdf\/19\/6\/924\/56473644\/5650190607.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jbmr\/article-pdf\/19\/6\/924\/56473644\/5650190607.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,13]],"date-time":"2024-03-13T15:06:36Z","timestamp":1710342396000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jbmr\/article\/19\/6\/924-930\/7592697"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2004,6,1]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,12,2]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,6,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1359\/jbmr.040131","relation":{},"ISSN":["0884-0431","1523-4681"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0884-0431","type":"print"},{"value":"1523-4681","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2004,6,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2004,6,1]]}}}