{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T12:01:13Z","timestamp":1792670473936,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,3,1]],"date-time":"2005-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1109635200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>We isolated and expanded BMSCs from human alveolar\/jaw bone at a high success rate (70%). These cells had potent osteogenic potential in vitro and in vivo, although their chondrogenic and adipogenic potential was less than that of iliac cells.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Introduction: Human bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) have osteogenic, chondrogenic, and adipogenic potential, but marrow aspiration from iliac crest is an invasive procedure. Alveolar BMSCs may be more useful for regenerative medicine, because the marrow can be aspirated from alveolar bone with minimal pain.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Materials and Methods: In this study, alveolar bone marrow samples were obtained from 41 patients, 6\u201366 years of age, during the course of oral surgery. BMSCs were seeded and maintained in culture with 10% FBS and basic fibroblast growth factor. In addition, BMSCs were induced to differentiate into osteoblasts, chondrocytes, or adipocytes in appropriate medium.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Results and Conclusion: From a small volume (0.1\u20133 ml) of aspirates, alveolar BMSCs expanded at a success ratio of 29\/41 (70%). The success rate decreased with increasing donor age, perhaps because of age-dependent decreases in the number and proliferative capacity of BMSCs. The expanded BMSCs differentiated into osteoblasts under osteogenic conditions in 21\u201328 days: the mRNA levels of osteocalcin, osteopontin, and bone sialoprotein, along with the calcium level, in alveolar BMSC cultures were similar to those in iliac cultures. However, unlike iliac BMSC, alveolar BMSC showed poor chondrogenic or adipogenic potential, and similar differences were observed between canine alveolar and iliac BMSCs. Subsequently, human alveolar BMSCs attached to \u03b2-tricalcium phosphate were transplanted into immunodeficient mice. In transplants, new bone formed with osteoblasts and osteocytes that expressed human vimentin, human osteocalcin, and human GAPDH. These findings suggest that BMSCs have distinctive features depending on their in vivo location and that alveolar BMSCs will be useful in cell therapy for bone diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.041117","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,4,27]],"date-time":"2006-04-27T08:26:11Z","timestamp":1146126371000},"page":"399-409","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":295,"title":["Alveolar Bone Marrow as a Cell Source for Regenerative Medicine: Differences Between Alveolar and Iliac Bone Marrow Stromal Cells"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Takehiro","family":"Matsubara","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Dental and Medical Biochemistry, Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan"},{"name":"Japan Science and Technology Corporation, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ketut","family":"Suardita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dental and Medical Biochemistry, Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masakazu","family":"Ishii","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hiroshima Prefectural Institute of Industrial Science and Technology, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Dental and Medical Biochemistry, Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masaru","family":"Sugiyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akira","family":"Igarashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hiroshima Prefectural Institute of Industrial Science and Technology, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Dental and Medical Biochemistry, Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryo","family":"Oda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Operative Dentistry, Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masahiro","family":"Nishimura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hiroshima Prefectural Institute of Industrial Science and Technology, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masahiro","family":"Saito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Kanagawa Dental College, Yokosuka-city, Kanagawa, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keigo","family":"Nakagawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Molecular Science, Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katsuyuki","family":"Yamanaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hiroshima Prefectural Institute of Industrial Science and Technology, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Dental and Medical Biochemistry, Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazuko","family":"Miyazaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dental and Medical Biochemistry, Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan"},{"name":"Japan Science and Technology Corporation, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masakazu","family":"Shimizu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hiroshima Prefectural Institute of Industrial Science and Technology, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Dental and Medical Biochemistry, Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ujjal K","family":"Bhawal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Two Cells Co. Ltd., Hiroshima, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Dental and Medical Biochemistry, Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Koichiro","family":"Tsuji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Two Cells Co. Ltd., Hiroshima, Japan"},{"name":"Japan Science and Technology Corporation, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kozo","family":"Nakamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yukio","family":"Kato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hiroshima Prefectural Institute of Industrial Science and Technology, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Dental and Medical Biochemistry, Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan"},{"name":"Japan Science and Technology Corporation, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,12,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024013019231238900_bib1","first-page":"381","article-title":"Osteogenesis in transplants of bone marrow cells","volume":"16","author":"Friedenstein","year":"1966","journal-title":"J Embryol Exp Morphol"},{"key":"2024013019231238900_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-472X(00)00482-3","article-title":"Mesenchymal stem cells: Biology and potential clinical uses","volume":"28","author":"Deans","year":"2000","journal-title":"Exp Hematol"},{"key":"2024013019231238900_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1016\/S1471-4914(01)02016-0","article-title":"Mesenchymal stem cells: Building blocks for molecular medicine in the 21st century","volume":"7","author":"Caplan","year":"2001","journal-title":"Trends Mol Med"},{"key":"2024013019231238900_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.1634\/stemcells.21-5-610","article-title":"Cell therapy for bone disease: A review of current status","volume":"21","author":"Cancedda","year":"2003","journal-title":"Stem Cells"},{"key":"2024013019231238900_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1006\/bbrc.2001.5777","article-title":"Retention of multilineage differentiation potential of mesenchymal cells during proliferation in response to FGF","volume":"288","author":"Tsutsumi","year":"2001","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"2024013019231238900_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-4827(03)00138-1","article-title":"Ex vivo enrichment of mesenchymal cell progenitors by fibroblast growth factor 2","volume":"287","author":"Bianchi","year":"2003","journal-title":"Exp Cell Res"},{"key":"2024013019231238900_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1115","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.1999.14.7.1115","article-title":"Age-related osteogenic potential of mesenchymal stromal stem cells from human vertebral bone marrow","volume":"14","author":"D'Ippolito","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"2024013019231238900_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.1174","article-title":"Age-related decline in the osteogenic potential of human bone marrow cells cultured in three-dimensional collagen sponges","volume":"82","author":"Mueller","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Cell Biochem"},{"key":"2024013019231238900_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1126\/science.284.5411.143","article-title":"Multilineage potential of adult human mesenchymal stem cells","volume":"284","author":"Pittenger","year":"1999","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2024013019231238900_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.3109\/03008208209160269","article-title":"A direct spectrophotometric microassay for sulfated glycosaminoglycans in cartilage cultures","volume":"9","author":"Farndale","year":"1982","journal-title":"Connect Tissue Res"},{"key":"2024013019231238900_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)43072-4","article-title":"A method for the rapid determination of alkaline phosphatase with five cubic millimeters of serum","volume":"164","author":"Bessey","year":"1946","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"2024013019231238900_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(67)90110-8","article-title":"An improved automated procedure for the determination of calcium in biological specimens","volume":"18","author":"Gitelman","year":"1967","journal-title":"Anal Biochem"},{"key":"2024013019231238900_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1042\/bj3490463","article-title":"Esterification of free fatty acids in adipocytes: A comparison between octanoate and oleate","volume":"349","author":"Guo","year":"2000","journal-title":"Biochem J"},{"key":"2024013019231238900_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1547","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.1998.13.10.1547","article-title":"Normal human cementum-derived cells: Isolation, clonal expansion, and in vitro and in vivo characterization","volume":"13","author":"Grzesik","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"2024013019231238900_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1016\/S8756-3282(02)00868-2","article-title":"Cementum matrix formation in vivo by cultured dental follicle cells","volume":"31","author":"Handa","year":"2002","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"2024013019231238900_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1082","DOI":"10.2144\/97226bm16","article-title":"Rapid isolation of total RNA from small samples of hypocellular, dense connective tissues","volume":"22","author":"Reno","year":"1997","journal-title":"Biotechniques"},{"key":"2024013019231238900_bib17","first-page":"313","article-title":"Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal progenitor cells","volume":"137","author":"Johnstone","year":"2000","journal-title":"Methods Mol Biol"},{"key":"2024013019231238900_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9552","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.85.24.9552","article-title":"Terminal differentiation and calcification in rabbit chondrocyte cultures grown in centrifuge tubes: Regulation by transforming growth factor beta and serum factors","volume":"85","author":"Kato","year":"1988","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"2024013019231238900_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1549","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20011700","article-title":"Mesenchymal stem cells in perichondrium express activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule and participate in bone marrow formation","volume":"195","author":"Arai","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"2024013019231238900_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.leu.2402763","article-title":"Primary murine MSC show highly efficient homing to the bone marrow but lose homing ability following culture","volume":"17","author":"Rombouts","year":"2003","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"2024013019231238900_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4164","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V84.12.4164.bloodjournal84124164","article-title":"The STRO-1+ fraction of adult human bone marrow contains the osteogenic precursors","volume":"84","author":"Gronthos","year":"1994","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"2024013019231238900_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3313","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2003-04-1121","article-title":"Homing of in vitro expanded Stro-1- or Stro-1+ human mesenchymal stem cells into the NOD\/SCID mouse and their role in supporting human CD34 cell engraftment","volume":"103","author":"Bensidhoum","year":"2004","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"2024013019231238900_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1249","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2003-01-0318","article-title":"Mobilization of hematopoietic stem cells during homeostasis and after cytokine exposure","volume":"102","author":"Abkowitz","year":"2003","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"2024013019231238900_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"959","DOI":"10.1038\/nm886","article-title":"Rapid myeloerythroid repopulation after intrafemoral transplantation of NOD-SCID mice reveals a new class of human stem cells","volume":"9","author":"Mazurier","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"2024013019231238900_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1227\/01.NEU.0000079333.61863.AA","article-title":"Treatment of traumatic brain injury in adult rats with intravenous administration of human bone marrow stromal cells","volume":"53","author":"Mahmood","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"2024013019231238900_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2397","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0437997100","article-title":"Differentiation, cell fusion, and nuclear fusion during ex vivo repair of epithelium by human adult stem cells from bone marrow stroma","volume":"100","author":"Spees","year":"2003","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"2024013019231238900_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1133","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.153.5.1133","article-title":"Circulating skeletal stem cells","volume":"153","author":"Kuznetsov","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Cell Biol"},{"key":"2024013019231238900_bib28","first-page":"2043","article-title":"In vitro secretion of cytokines by human bone marrow: Effects of age and estrogen status","volume":"83","author":"Cheleuitte","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2024013019231238900_bib29","first-page":"77","article-title":"Effects of age and estrogen status on the skeletal IGF regulatory system","volume":"7","author":"Rosen","year":"1997","journal-title":"Studies with human marrow. Endocrine"},{"key":"2024013019231238900_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1120","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.2001.16.6.1120","article-title":"Number and proliferative capacity of osteogenic stem cells are maintained during aging and in patients with osteoporosis","volume":"16","author":"Stenderup","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"2024013019231238900_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1042\/cs0940549","article-title":"Skeletal progenitor cells and ageing human populations","volume":"94","author":"Oreffo","year":"1998","journal-title":"Clin Sci (Lond)"},{"key":"2024013019231238900_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1007\/s007740050081","article-title":"Number of osteoprogenitor cells in human bone marrow markedly decreases after skeletal maturation","volume":"17","author":"Nishida","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Metab"},{"key":"2024013019231238900_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1038\/6529","article-title":"Transplantability and therapeutic effects of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal cells in children with osteogenesis imperfecta","volume":"5","author":"Horwitz","year":"1999","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"2024013019231238900_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200102013440516","article-title":"Repair of large bone defects with the use of autologous bone marrow stromal cells","volume":"344","author":"Quarto","year":"2001","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"}],"container-title":["Journal of Bone and Mineral Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1359%2FJBMR.041117","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jbmr\/article-pdf\/20\/3\/399\/56478982\/5650200304.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jbmr\/article-pdf\/20\/3\/399\/56478982\/5650200304.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,13]],"date-time":"2024-03-13T15:07:50Z","timestamp":1710342470000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jbmr\/article\/20\/3\/399-409\/7593235"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2005,3,1]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,12,4]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,3,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1359\/jbmr.041117","relation":{},"ISSN":["0884-0431","1523-4681"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0884-0431","type":"print"},{"value":"1523-4681","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2005,3,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2005,3,1]]}}}