{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T05:41:54Z","timestamp":1791092514459,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,6,1]],"date-time":"2007-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1180656000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>In this study, we characterize bone microstructure, specifically sex differences, at multiple skeletal sites in 165 subjects &amp;gt;52 yr of age, using \u03bcCT technology in vitro. Significant sex differences are observed at the distal radius, femoral neck, and femoral trochanter, but not at the iliac crest, calcaneus, and lumbar vertebral body. Correlations in BV\/TV between sites ranged from r = 0.13 to 0.56.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Introduction: The goals of this study were (1) to assess potential sex differences of bone microstructure and their difference between skeletal sites and (2) to explore the relationship of trabecular microstructural properties between relevant skeletal sites.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Materials and Methods: Trabecular bone microstructural properties were measured in vitro in 165 subjects 52\u201399 yr of age using \u03bcCT. Defined volumes of interest (cylinders with 6 mm diameter and 6 mm length) were scanned at a resolution of 26 \u03bcm (isotropic) in six different anatomical sites: distal radius, femoral neck and trochanter, iliac crest, calcaneus, and second lumbar vertebral body.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Results: At the radius and femoral neck, trabecular bone displayed a more plate-like structure, thicker trabeculae, smaller separation\/higher trabecular number, higher connectivity, and a higher degree of anisotropy in men than in women (p &amp;lt; 0.05). At the trochanter, men displayed more plate-like structure and thicker trabeculae (p &amp;lt; 0.05), but no differences in trabecular separation or other parameters compared with the women. At the calcaneus, iliac crest, and second lumbar vertebra none of the bone parameters displayed significant differences between sexes. The BV\/TV at one site explained a range of only 2\u201332% of the variability at other sites.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Conclusions: These results suggest that trabecular bone microstructural properties are remarkably heterogeneous throughout the skeleton. Significant differences between men and women are observed at some, but not at all, sites. The magnitude of sex differences in trabecular microstructure coincides with that of fracture incidence observed for some of the sites in epidemiological studies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.070301","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,12]],"date-time":"2007-03-12T14:30:15Z","timestamp":1173709815000},"page":"817-824","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":134,"title":["Sex Differences of Human Trabecular Bone Microstructure in Aging Are Site-Dependent"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Felix","family":"Eckstein","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Anatomy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen, M\u00fcnchen, Germany"},{"name":"Institute of Anatomy and Musculoskeletal Research, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maiko","family":"Matsuura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecology I, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen, M\u00fcnchen, Germany"},{"name":"Institute of Anatomy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen, M\u00fcnchen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Volker","family":"Kuhn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Trauma Surgery and Sports Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria"},{"name":"Department of Gynecology I, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen, M\u00fcnchen, Germany"},{"name":"Institute of Anatomy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen, M\u00fcnchen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mathias","family":"Priemel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Trauma Surgery, Hamburg University School of Medicine, Hamburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ralph","family":"M\u00fcller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University and ETH Z\u00fcrich, Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas M","family":"Link","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eva-Maria","family":"Lochm\u00fcller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecology I, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen, M\u00fcnchen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,12,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024020319294828100_bib1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Osteoporosis prevention, diagnosis, and therapy","volume":"17","author":"National Institutes of Health","year":"2000","journal-title":"NIH Consens Statement"},{"key":"2024020319294828100_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.5650110107","article-title":"Heterogeneity of the skeleton: Comparison of the trabecular microarchitecture of the spine, the iliac crest, the femur, and the calcaneus","volume":"11","author":"Amling","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"2024020319294828100_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2200","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.2003.18.12.2200","article-title":"Interrelationships between structural parameters of cancellous bone reveal accelerated structural change at low bone volume","volume":"18","author":"Parkinson","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"2024020319294828100_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1167","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.1999.14.7.1167","article-title":"Direct three-dimensional morphometric analysis of human cancellous bone: Microstructural data from spine, femur, iliac crest, and calcaneus","volume":"14","author":"Hildebrand","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"2024020319294828100_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.5650070214","article-title":"Incidence of clinically diagnosed vertebral fractures: A population-based study in Rochester, Minnesota, 1985-1989","volume":"7","author":"Cooper","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"2024020319294828100_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01623186","article-title":"The apparent incidence of hip fracture in Europe: A study of national register sources. 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