{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,24]],"date-time":"2026-02-24T07:41:47Z","timestamp":1771918907920,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"S2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,12,1]],"date-time":"2007-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1196467200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Since Garland and Garland formulated the hypothesis that vitamin D may protect against colorectal cancer in 1980, various epidemiological approaches have been undertaken to evaluate this hypothesis. These approaches include studies based on regional solar UVB radiation, plasma- or serum-based studies, dietary studies, and those examining multiple factors that influence vitamin D status. Studies over the past several decades have tended to support that higher levels of vitamin D may decrease risk of colorectal cancer. An important implication is that current recommended dietary intakes such as 200\u2013400 IU\/d may be too low to exert appreciable benefits. To substantially reduce risk, higher levels of vitamin D associated with sunshine exposure or considerably higher intakes may be required. Recent studies also suggest a potential benefit of vitamin D on other digestive system cancers. One study suggested that a better vitamin D status at the time of diagnosis and treatment, as indicated by season of diagnosis, may improve survival from colorectal cancer. Darker-skinned individuals who tend to make less vitamin D may be at particularly high risk for digestive system cancer. The strong biological evidence for a protective role of vitamin D supports the epidemiological data. More study is needed to determine the optimal levels and intakes of this vitamin to optimally reduce colorectal cancer risk.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.07s206","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,2,21]],"date-time":"2008-02-21T15:02:25Z","timestamp":1203606145000},"page":"V81-V85","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":48,"title":["Epidemiological Evidence for Vitamin D and Colorectal Cancer"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Edward","family":"Giovannucci","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Nutrition and Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, 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