{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T06:14:11Z","timestamp":1790748851269,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,12,1]],"date-time":"2009-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1259625600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Bone strength benefits after long-term retirement from elite gymnastics in terms of bone geometry and volumetric BMD were studied by comparing retired female gymnasts to moderately active age-matched women. In a cross-sectional study, 30 retired female gymnasts were compared with 30 age-matched moderately active controls. Bone geometric and densitometric parameters were measured by pQCT at the distal epiphyses and shafts of the tibia, femur, radius, and humerus. Muscle cross-sectional areas were assessed from the shaft scans. Independent t-tests were conducted on bone and muscle variables to detect differences between the two groups. The gymnasts had retired for a mean of 6.1 \u00b1 0.4 yr and were engaged in \u22642 h of exercise per week since retirement. At the radial and humeral shafts, cortical cross-sectional area (CSA), total CSA, BMC, and strength strain index (SSIpol) were significantly greater (13\u201338%, p \u2264 0.01) in the retired gymnasts; likewise, BMC and total CSA were significantly greater at the distal radius (22\u201325%, p \u2264 0.0001). In the lower limbs, total CSA and BMC at the femur and tibia shaft were greater by 8\u201311%, and trabecular BMD and BMC were only greater at the tibia (7\u20138%). Muscle CSA at the forearm and upper arm was greater by 15\u201317.6% (p \u2264 0.001) but was not different at the upper and lower leg. Past gymnastics training is associated with greater bone mass and bone size in women 6 yr after retirement. Skeletal benefits were site specific, with greater geometric adaptations (greater bone size) in the upper compared with the lower limbs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.090521","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,19]],"date-time":"2009-05-19T19:50:21Z","timestamp":1242762621000},"page":"1981-1988","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":57,"title":["Skeletal Benefits After Long-Term Retirement in Former Elite Female Gymnasts"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Prisca","family":"Eser","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology\/Allergology, University Hospital Bern, Berne, Switzerland"},{"name":"Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition Research, Deakin University, Burwood, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Briony","family":"Hill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition Research, Deakin University, 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