{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,13]],"date-time":"2024-03-13T15:14:35Z","timestamp":1710342875045},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1997,12,1]],"date-time":"1997-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":880934400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1997,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>To better understand how structural and functional bone properties contribute to the changes in bone biomechanical properties revealed by ultrasound critical angle reflectometry (UCR) analysis, we measured both UCR velocities and histomorphometric properties in bone biopsy specimens from 33 osteoporotic patients before and following intermittent slow-release sodium fluoride (SRNaF) and continuous calcium citrate administration. Mean skeletal fluoride exposure was 17 months, and mean skeletal fluoride content was 0.203 \u00b1 0.088 SD% bone ash. Intermittent SRNaF and continuous calcium citrate promoted significant increases in trabecular thickness (122 \u00b1 18 SD\u03bcm to 131 \u00b1 20, p = 0.020), mineral apposition rate (0.79 \u00b1 0.26 to 1.05 \u00b1 0.40 \u03bcm\/day, p = 0.014), and a significant decline in eroded surface (3.9 \u00b1 1.6 to 2.8 \u00b1 1.4%, p = 0.002). There were also significant increases in node number (0.193 \u00b1 0.100 to 0.368 \u00b1 0.245, p &amp;lt; 0.01) and node-to-node strut length (0.076 \u00b1 0.087 to 0.191 \u00b1 0.173, p &amp;lt; 0.01) relative to total cancellous area. Cortical UCR velocity did not change but cancellous velocity significantly increased by 97 m\/s following therapy (p = 0.0005). When compared against the significant changes in bone histomorphometry and connectivity, the sum of both cancellous and cortical ultrasound velocities was significantly correlated with node number\/area (R2 = 0.305, p &amp;lt; 0.0001) and node-to-node strut length\/area (R2 = 0.372, p &amp;lt; 0.0001) and to a lesser extent with mineral apposition rate (R2 = 0.106, p = 0.032). Multiple regression analysis demonstrated that 40% of the variance in the sum of the UCR velocities can be accounted for by the variability in these histomorphometric and connectivity parameters. There were no significant correlations between the sum of cortical and cancellous ultrasound velocities and cancellous bone volume (R2 = 0.014, p = 0.533), trabecular thickness (R2 = 0.012, p = 0.47), or bone mineral density (R2 = 0.003, p = 0.80). These observations indicate that velocity measurements with the UCR methodology show an improvement in bone elasticity associated, in part, with an improvement in the rate of bone mineralization and an improvement in bone quality at the structural level as shown by microarchitecture.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.1997.12.12.2068","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,4,26]],"date-time":"2006-04-26T19:44:12Z","timestamp":1146080652000},"page":"2068-2075","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Reflection Ultrasound Velocities and Histomorphometric and Connectivity Analyses: Correlations and Effect of Slow-Release Sodium Fluoride"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Joseph E.","family":"Zerwekh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Mineral Metabolism and Clinical Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas, U.S.A."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter P.","family":"Antich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Mineral Metabolism and Clinical Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas, U.S.A."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shreefal","family":"Mehta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas, U.S.A."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Khashayar","family":"Sakhaee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Mineral Metabolism and Clinical Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas, U.S.A."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Frank","family":"Gottschalk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas, U.S.A."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Charles Y. C.","family":"Pak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Mineral Metabolism and Clinical Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas, U.S.A."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,12,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024020712012390300_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"802","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199003223221203","article-title":"Effect of fluoride treatment on the fracture rate in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis","volume":"322","author":"Riggs","year":"1990","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2024020712012390300_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1265","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199005033221803","article-title":"Effect of intermittent cyclical etidronate therapy on bone mass and fracture rate in women with postmenopausal osteoporosis","volume":"322","author":"Storm","year":"1990","journal-title":"N Engl Med"},{"key":"2024020712012390300_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199007123230201","article-title":"Intermittent cyclical etidronate treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis","volume":"323","author":"Watts","year":"1990","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2024020712012390300_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-197003000-00034","article-title":"Ultrasonics and selected physical properties of bone","volume":"69","author":"Abendschein","year":"1970","journal-title":"Clin Orthop"},{"key":"2024020712012390300_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9290(76)90089-0","article-title":"Ultrasonic wave propagation in human cortical bone. II. Measurements of elastic properties and microhardness","volume":"9","author":"Yoon","year":"1976","journal-title":"J Biomech"},{"key":"2024020712012390300_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.116.13.337","article-title":"Ultrasound as a tool for assessment of bone quality in the horse","volume":"116","author":"Jeffcott","year":"1985","journal-title":"Vet Rec"},{"key":"2024020712012390300_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02447328","article-title":"Combined 2.25 Mhz ultrasound velocity and bone mineral density measurements in the equine metacarpus and their in vivo applications","volume":"25","author":"McCartney","year":"1987","journal-title":"Med Biol Eng Comput"},{"key":"2024020712012390300_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9290(87)90038-8","article-title":"The use of ultrasound in vivo to determine acute change in the mechanical properties of bone following intense physical activity","volume":"20","author":"Rubin","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Biomech"},{"key":"2024020712012390300_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.5650060414","article-title":"Measurement of mechanical properties of bone material in vitro by reflection ultrasound: Methodology and comparison with ultrasound transmission","volume":"6","author":"Antich","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"2024020712012390300_bib10","first-page":"1629","volume-title":"Ultrasound in Medicine","author":"Whiting","year":"1977"},{"key":"2024020712012390300_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9290(72)90027-9","article-title":"Anisotropy in hard dental tissues","volume":"5","author":"Lees","year":"1972","journal-title":"J Biomech"},{"key":"2024020712012390300_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S157","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01673428","article-title":"Ultrasound study of bone in vitro","volume":"53","author":"Antich","year":"1993","journal-title":"Calcif Tissue Int"},{"key":"2024020712012390300_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2127","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI117901","article-title":"Comparison of alendronate and sodium fluoride effects on cancellous and cortical bone in minipigs, a one year study","volume":"95","author":"Lafage","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"2024020712012390300_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.5650060305","article-title":"Assessment by reflection ultrasound method of the effect of intermittent slow-release sodium fluoride-calcium citrate therapy on material strength of bone","volume":"6","author":"Zerwekh","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"2024020712012390300_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.5650080307","article-title":"Measurement of intrinsic bone quality in vivo by reflection ultrasound: Correction of impaired quality with slow-release sodium fluoride and calcium citrate","volume":"8","author":"Antich","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"2024020712012390300_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-123-6-199509150-00001","article-title":"Treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis with slow-release sodium fluoride\u2014Final report of a randomized controlled trial","volume":"123","author":"Pak","year":"1995","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"2024020712012390300_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.5650030504","article-title":"Fluoride content in human iliac bone: Results in controls, patients with fluorosis, and osteoporotics treated with fluoride","volume":"3","author":"Boivin","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"2024020712012390300_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1016\/8756-3282(94)90319-0","article-title":"Effect of slow-release sodium fluoride on cancellous bone histology and connectivity in osteoporosis","volume":"15","author":"Zerwekh","year":"1994","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"2024020712012390300_bib19","first-page":"109","volume-title":"Bone Histomorphometry: Techniques and Interpretation","author":"Frost"},{"key":"2024020712012390300_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.5650020617","article-title":"Bone histomorphometry: Standardization of nomenclature, symbols and units","volume":"2","author":"Parfitt","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"2024020712012390300_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2818.1986.tb04289.x","article-title":"A new method for the two-dimensional analysis of bone structure in human iliac crest biopsies","volume":"142","author":"Garrahan","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Microsc"},{"key":"2024020712012390300_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.5650060706","article-title":"A new manual method for assessing two-dimensional cancellous bone structure: Comparison between iliac crest and lumbar vertebra","volume":"6","author":"Mellish","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"2024020712012390300_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"979","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9290(87)90327-7","article-title":"Elastic properties of cancellous bone: Measurement by an ultrasonic technique","volume":"20","author":"Ashman","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Biomech"},{"key":"2024020712012390300_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9290(93)90042-D","article-title":"Young's modulus of trabecular and cortical bone material: Ultrasonic and microtensile measurements","volume":"26","author":"Rho","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Biomech"},{"key":"2024020712012390300_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1243\/EMED_JOUR_1984_013_022_02","article-title":"The measurement of broadband ultrasound attenuation in cancellous bone","volume":"13","author":"Langton","year":"1984","journal-title":"Eng Med"},{"key":"2024020712012390300_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1195","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9290(94)90061-2","article-title":"A comparison of reflection and transmission ultrasonic techniques for measurement of cancellous bone elasticity","volume":"27","author":"Ashman","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Biomech"},{"key":"2024020712012390300_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/0169-6009(92)90800-S","article-title":"Lack of deleterious effect of slow-release sodium fluoride treatment on cortical bone histology and quality in osteoporotic patients","volume":"18","author":"Zerwekh","year":"1992","journal-title":"Bone Miner"},{"key":"2024020712012390300_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01623313","article-title":"Histomorphometric analysis of iliac crest bone biopsies in placebo-treated versus fluoride-treated subjects","volume":"5","author":"Lundy","year":"1995","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"key":"2024020712012390300_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/1043-2760(95)00111-T","article-title":"Anabolic effects of fluoride on bone","volume":"6","author":"Pak","year":"1995","journal-title":"Trends Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2024020712012390300_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1016\/8756-3282(94)90267-4","article-title":"Connectivity of cancellous bone: Assessment and mechanical implications","volume":"15","author":"Compston","year":"1994","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"2024020712012390300_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S127","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01673421","article-title":"Measurement and significance of three-dimensional architecture to the mechanical integrity of trabecular bone","author":"Goldstein","year":"1993","journal-title":"Calcif Tissue Int"},{"key":"2024020712012390300_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/0169-6009(90)90061-J","article-title":"A comparison of iliac bone histomorphometric data in post-menopausal osteoporotic and normal subjects","volume":"11","author":"Kimmel","year":"1990","journal-title":"Bone Miner"}],"container-title":["Journal of Bone and Mineral Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1359%2Fjbmr.1997.12.12.2068","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jbmr\/article-pdf\/12\/12\/2068\/56596340\/5650121212.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jbmr\/article-pdf\/12\/12\/2068\/56596340\/5650121212.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,13]],"date-time":"2024-03-13T14:54:23Z","timestamp":1710341663000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jbmr\/article\/12\/12\/2068-2075\/7514076"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1997,12,1]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,12,4]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1997,12,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1359\/jbmr.1997.12.12.2068","relation":{},"ISSN":["0884-0431","1523-4681"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0884-0431","type":"print"},{"value":"1523-4681","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[1997,12,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[1997,12,1]]}}}