{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T02:41:54Z","timestamp":1789612914166,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1997,3,1]],"date-time":"1997-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":857174400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1997,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Intermittent administration of parathyroid hormone (PTH) peptides increases bone density in animal and human models of osteoporosis. In vitro studies have demonstrated that PTH analogs lacking the first two amino acids can stimulate cell proliferation in certain cell systems, whereas fragments with an intact N terminus can be antimitogenic. We have tested whether the truncated PTH(3\u201338) fragment may be a better \u201canabolic analog\u201d than PTH(1\u201338) by monitoring bone density and biomechanical properties of the femur in 6-month-old ovariectomized (OVX) rats. Either PTH fragment was administered subcutaneously (8 \u03bcg\/100 g of body weight) 5 days\/week, for 4 weeks, starting 1 week after surgery. During the entire study, untreated OVX rats lost 12.1 \u00b1 4.4% of their initial bone density. PTH(1\u201338) reversed the initial bone loss, leading to complete restoration of presurgery values after 4 weeks of treatment. Conversely, administration of PTH(3\u201338) resulted in 13.2 \u00b1 5.8% bone loss, while continuous estrogen infusion (10 \u03bcg\/kg\/day) prevented bone loss but did not reverse it. Sham-operated animals also experienced significant bone loss in the vehicle and PTH(3\u201338)\u2013treated groups (\u22124.5 \u00b1 6.7%, and \u22127.6 \u00b1 2.8%, respectively), whereas a significant gain in bone density (+4.4 \u00b1 5.6%) was observed in the rats treated with PTH(1\u201338). A bone quality factor (index of strain energy loss) and the impact strength (resistance to fracture) were 25% and 44% lower in femurs explanted from OVX a0nimals treated with either vehicle or PTH(3\u201338), compared with sham-operated animals. On the contrary, no difference was observed between OVX and control animals after treatment with PTH(1\u201338), indicating a preservation of the capacity to withstand mechanical stress. Thus, PTH(1\u201338) counteracts estrogen-dependent loss of mineral density and bone biomechanical properties and increases bone density in estrogen-replete animals. An intact N terminus sequence is necessary for this anabolic action of PTH.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.1997.12.3.384","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,6,9]],"date-time":"2006-06-09T02:31:59Z","timestamp":1149820319000},"page":"384-392","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["An Intact N Terminus Is Required for the Anabolic Action of Parathyroid Hormone on Adult Female Rats"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Reina","family":"Armamento-Villareal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Konstantinos","family":"Ziambaras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S. Hasan","family":"Abbasi-Jarhomi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Dimarogonas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linda","family":"Halstead","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aurora","family":"Fausto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Louis V.","family":"Avioli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberto","family":"Civitelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,12,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024020713242371900_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01880410","article-title":"Estrogen, bone loss, and preservation","volume":"1","author":"Christiansen","year":"1990","journal-title":"Osteoporosis Int"},{"key":"2024020713242371900_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1016\/0026-0495(84)90187-2","article-title":"Long-term calcitonin therapy in postemenopausal osteoporosis","volume":"33","author":"Gruber","year":"1984","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"2024020713242371900_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1437","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199511303332201","article-title":"Effect of oral alendronate on bone mineral density and the incidence of fractures in postmenopausal osteoporosis. The Alendronate Phase III Osteoporosis Treatment Study Group","volume":"333","author":"Liberman","year":"1995","journal-title":"New Engl J Med"},{"key":"2024020713242371900_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.5650010411","article-title":"Restoration of spinal bone in osteoporotic men by treatment with human parathyroid hormone (1\u201334) and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D","volume":"1","author":"Slovick","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"2024020713242371900_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.5650090619","article-title":"Anabolic effect of high doses of human parathyroid hormone (1\u201338) in mature intact female rats","volume":"9","author":"Jerome","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"2024020713242371900_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1071","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.5650061008","article-title":"Preexisting bone loss associated with ovariectomy in rats is reversed by parathyroid hormone","volume":"6","author":"Liu","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"2024020713242371900_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.132.2.8425497","article-title":"Parathyroid hormone is more effective than estrogen or biphosphonates for restoration of lost bone mass in ovariectomized rats","volume":"123","author":"Wronski","year":"1993","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"2024020713242371900_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1340","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.280.6228.1340","article-title":"Anabolic effect of human parathyroid hormone fragment on trabecular bone in involutional osteoporosis: A multicentre trial","volume":"280","author":"Reeve","year":"1980","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"key":"2024020713242371900_bib9","first-page":"1535","article-title":"Subcutaneous administration of the amino-terminal fragment of human parathyroid hormone-(1\u201334): Kinetics and biochemical response in estrogenized osteoporotic patients","volume":"77","author":"Lindsay","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2024020713242371900_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1618","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199412153312404","article-title":"Parathyroid hormone for the prevention of bone loss induced by estrogen deficiency","volume":"331","author":"Finkelstein","year":"1994","journal-title":"New Engl J Med"},{"key":"2024020713242371900_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2479","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI116483","article-title":"Loss of cancellous bone mass and connectivity in ovariectomized rats can be restored by combined treatment with parathyroid hormone and estradiol","volume":"91","author":"Shen","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"2024020713242371900_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1470","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.5650101007","article-title":"Intermittent treatment with human parathyroid hormone (hPTH [1\u201334]) increased trabecular bone volume but not connectivity in osteopenic rats","volume":"10","author":"Lane","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"2024020713242371900_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-129-1-421","article-title":"The anabolic effects of human parathyroid hormone (hPTH) on rat vertebral body mass are also reflected in the quality of bone, assessed by biomechanical testing: A comparison study between hPTH-(1\u201334) and hPTH-(1\u201384).","volume":"129","author":"Mosekilde","year":"1991","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"2024020713242371900_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1016\/8756-3282(95)00371-1","article-title":"Parathyroid hormone (1\u201334) increases vertebral bone mass, compressive strength, and quality in old rats","volume":"17","author":"Ejersted","year":"1995","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"2024020713242371900_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2126","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.134.5.8156913","article-title":"The effect on vertebral bone mass and strength of long term treatment with antiresorptive agents (estrogen and calcitonin), human parathyroid hormone-(1\u201338), and combination therapy, assessed in aged ovariectomized rats","volume":"134","author":"Mosekilde","year":"1994","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"2024020713242371900_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"650","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.134.2.8299562","article-title":"The positive effect of parathyroid hormone on femoral neck bone strength in ovariectomized rats is more pronounced than that of estrogen or bisphosphonates","volume":"134","author":"Sogaard","year":"1994","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"2024020713242371900_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2331","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI118289","article-title":"Effects of reciprocal treatment with estrogen and estrogen plus parathyroid hormone on bone structure and strength in ovariectomized rats","volume":"96","author":"Shen","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"2024020713242371900_bib18","first-page":"E886","article-title":"Peripheral metabolism of PTH: Fate of biologically active amino terminus in vivo","volume":"255","author":"Bringhurst","year":"1988","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"2024020713242371900_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"985","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.1984.64.3.985","article-title":"Parathyroid hormone: Biological aspects of biosynthesis, secretion, action, and metabolism","volume":"64","author":"Habener","year":"1984","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"key":"2024020713242371900_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.130.1.1727705","article-title":"Structure-function relationship of parathyroid hormone: Activation of phospholipase C, protein kinase A and C in osteosarcoma cells","volume":"130","author":"Fujimori","year":"1992","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"2024020713242371900_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1179","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.5650090807","article-title":"Parathyroid hormone fragments may stimulate bone growth in ovariectomized rats by activating adenyl cyclase","volume":"9","author":"Rixon","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"2024020713242371900_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1349","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-93-6-1349","article-title":"Bovine parathyroid hormone: Minimum chain length of synthetic peptide required for biological activity","volume":"93","author":"Tregear","year":"1973","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"2024020713242371900_bib23","first-page":"E9","article-title":"Parathyroid hormone depresses cytosolic pH and DNA synthesis in osteoblast-like cells","volume":"255","author":"Reid","year":"1988","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"2024020713242371900_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-291X(91)91339-E","article-title":"The activation of cAMP-depedent protein kinase is directly linked to the inhibition of osteoblast proliferation (UMR-106) by parathyroid-hormone related","volume":"179","author":"Kano","year":"1991","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"2024020713242371900_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/8756-3282(95)00427-0","article-title":"Effects of parathyroid hormone and agonists of the adenylyl cyclase and protein kinase C pathways on bone cell proliferation","volume":"18","author":"Sabatini","year":"1996","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"2024020713242371900_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2445","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-118-6-2445","article-title":"Parathyroid hormone stimulates the proliferation of cells derived from human bone","volume":"118","author":"McDonald","year":"1986","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"2024020713242371900_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"918","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-291X(85)91979-5","article-title":"Direct effect of parathyroid hormone on the proliferation of osteoblast-like cells: A possible involvement of cyclic AMP","volume":"129","author":"Van der Plas","year":"1985","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"2024020713242371900_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3032","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-128-6-3032","article-title":"Dissociation of second messenger activation by parathyroid hormone fragments in osteosarcoma cells","volume":"128","author":"Fujimori","year":"1991","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"2024020713242371900_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1105","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-291X(90)90798-R","article-title":"Parathyroid hormone fragment [3\u201334] stimulates protein kinase C (PKC) activity in rat osteosarcoma and murine T-lymphoma cells","volume":"171","author":"Chakravarthy","year":"1990","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"2024020713242371900_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.1042\/bj2770863","article-title":"Stimulation of cell proliferation in skeletal tissue of the rat by defined parathyroid hormone fragment","volume":"277","author":"S\u00f6mjen","year":"1991","journal-title":"Biochem J"},{"key":"2024020713242371900_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02529728","article-title":"Stimulation of the growth of femoral trabecular bone in ovariectomized rats by the novel parathyroid hormone fragment, hPTH-(1\u201331)NH2 (Ostabolin).","volume":"58","author":"Whitfield","year":"1996","journal-title":"Calcif Tissue Int"},{"key":"2024020713242371900_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02556561","article-title":"Increase of vertebral density by combination therapy with pulsatile 1\u201338hPTH and sequential addition of calcitonin nasal spray in osteoporotic patients","volume":"44","author":"Hesch","year":"1989","journal-title":"Calcif Tissue Int"},{"key":"2024020713242371900_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1959","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI117187","article-title":"Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist decreases bone loss and bone resorption in ovariectomized rats","volume":"93","author":"Kimble","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"2024020713242371900_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.5650080704","article-title":"Dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) of the rat: Accuracy, precision, and measurement of bone loss","volume":"8","author":"Griffin","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"2024020713242371900_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00298727","article-title":"Material damping for monitoring of density and strength of bones","volume":"52","author":"Dimarogonas","year":"1993","journal-title":"Calcif Tissue Int"},{"key":"2024020713242371900_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00298613","article-title":"Ipriflavone improves bone density and biomechnical properties of adult male rat bones","volume":"56","author":"Civitelli","year":"1995","journal-title":"Calcif Tissue Int"},{"key":"2024020713242371900_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(87)90274-9","article-title":"Trabecular bone architecture in the pathogenesis and prevention of fracture","volume":"82(S1B)","author":"Parfitt","year":"1987","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"2024020713242371900_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1016\/8756-3282(95)00370-3","article-title":"Aging and matrix microdamage accumulation in human compact bone","volume":"17","author":"Schaffler","year":"1995","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"2024020713242371900_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/8756-3282(88)90038-5","article-title":"Biomechanical competence of vertebral trabecular bone in relation to ash density and age in normal individuals","volume":"9","author":"Mosekilde","year":"1987","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"2024020713242371900_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"802","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199003223221203","article-title":"Effect of fluoride on the fracture rate in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis","volume":"322","author":"Riggs","year":"1990","journal-title":"New Engl J Med"},{"key":"2024020713242371900_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-123-6-199509150-00001","article-title":"Treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis with slow-release sodium fluoride: Final report of a randomized controlled trial","volume":"123","author":"Pak","year":"1995","journal-title":"Ann Int Med"},{"key":"2024020713242371900_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/0169-6009(91)90103-7","article-title":"Bone densitometric and histomorphometric responses to sequential human parathyroid hormone (1\u201338) and salmon calcitonin in osteoporotic patients","volume":"14","author":"Hodsman","year":"1991","journal-title":"Bone Miner"},{"key":"2024020713242371900_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1268","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI113725","article-title":"Bone turnover in postmenopausal osteoporosis: Effect of calcitonin treatment","volume":"82","author":"Civitelli","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"2024020713242371900_bib44","first-page":"1314","volume-title":"Osteoporosis 1990","author":"Neer","year":"1990"},{"key":"2024020713242371900_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03549782","article-title":"Parathyroid hormone (1\u201334) and (1\u201384) stimulate cortical bone formation both from periosteum and endosteum","volume":"53","author":"Oxlund","year":"1993","journal-title":"Calcif Tissue Int"},{"key":"2024020713242371900_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01625448","article-title":"hPTH 1\u201334 treatment of osteoporosis with added hormone replacement therapy: Biochemical, kinetic and histological responses","volume":"1","author":"Reeve","year":"1991","journal-title":"Osteoporosis Int"},{"key":"2024020713242371900_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00296285","article-title":"Effects of combined and separate intermittent administration of low-dose human parathyroid hormone fragment (1\u201334) and 17\u03b2-estradiol on bone histomorphometry in ovariectomized rats with established osteopenia","volume":"50","author":"Shen","year":"1992","journal-title":"Calcif Tissue Int"},{"key":"2024020713242371900_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9290(90)90060-G","article-title":"Monitoring of fracture healing by lateral and axial vibration analysis","volume":"23","author":"Nikiforidis","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Biomech"},{"key":"2024020713242371900_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02557835","article-title":"Inhibitory effects of parathyroid hormone on growth of osteogenic sarcoma cells","volume":"37","author":"Partridge","year":"1985","journal-title":"Calcif Tissue Int"},{"key":"2024020713242371900_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11087","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)60431-4","article-title":"The central part of parathyroid hormone stimulates thymidine incorporation of chondrocytes","volume":"264","author":"Schl\u00fcter","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"2024020713242371900_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1042\/bj2720781","article-title":"Stimulation by defined parathyroid hormone fragments of cell proliferation in skeletal-derived cell cultures","volume":"272","author":"S\u00f6mjen","year":"1990","journal-title":"Biochem J"},{"key":"2024020713242371900_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2184","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.134.5.8156920","article-title":"Inactivation by plasma may be responsible for lack of efficacy of parathyroid hormone antagonists in hypercalcemia of malignancy","volume":"134","author":"Kukreja","year":"1994","journal-title":"Endocrinology"}],"container-title":["Journal of Bone and Mineral Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1359%2Fjbmr.1997.12.3.384","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jbmr\/article-pdf\/12\/3\/384\/56596829\/5650120310.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jbmr\/article-pdf\/12\/3\/384\/56596829\/5650120310.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,13]],"date-time":"2024-03-13T14:54:44Z","timestamp":1710341684000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jbmr\/article\/12\/3\/384-392\/7514214"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1997,3,1]]},"references-count":52,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,12,4]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1997,3,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1359\/jbmr.1997.12.3.384","relation":{},"ISSN":["0884-0431","1523-4681"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0884-0431","type":"print"},{"value":"1523-4681","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[1997,3,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[1997,3,1]]}}}