{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T23:11:37Z","timestamp":1774566697472,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2000,3,1]],"date-time":"2000-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":951868800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Transforming growth factor \u03b2 (TGF-\u03b2) is an important regulator of bone metabolism, its effects being intertwined with those of estrogen and vitamin D. A T\u2192C polymorphism in exon 1 of the TGF-\u03b21 gene, which results in the substitution of proline for leucine, is associated with bone mineral density (BMD). However, it is not known whether this polymorphism affects the response to treatment with active vitamin D or to hormone replacement therapy (HRT) in individuals with osteoporosis. Changes in BMD at the lumbar spine (L2\u2013L4 BMD) were compared among TGF-\u03b21 genotypes in 363 postmenopausal Japanese women who were divided into three groups: an untreated, control group (n = 130), an active vitamin D treatment group (n = 117), and an HRT group (n = 116). TGF-\u03b21 genotype was determined with an allele-specific polymerase chain reaction assay. In the control group, the rate of bone loss decreased according to the rank order of genotypes TT (homozygous for the T allele) &amp;gt; TC (heterozygous) &amp;gt; CC (homozygous for the C allele), with a significant difference detected between the CC and TT genotypes. The positive response of L2\u2013L4 BMD to HRT increased according to the rank order of genotypes TT &amp;lt; TC &amp;lt; CC, although the differences among genotypes were not statistically significant. Individuals with the CC genotype responded to active vitamin D treatment with an annual increase in L2\u2013L4 BMD of 1.6%, whereas those with the TT or TC genotypes similarly treated lost bone to a similar extent as did untreated subjects of the corresponding genotype. These results suggest that TGF-\u03b21 genotype is associated with both the rate of bone loss and the response to active vitamin D treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.2000.15.3.415","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,4,27]],"date-time":"2006-04-27T02:14:02Z","timestamp":1146104042000},"page":"415-420","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Association of Transforming Growth Factor \u03b21 Genotype with Therapeutic Response to Active Vitamin D for Postmenopausal Osteoporosis"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Yoshiji","family":"Yamada","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geriatric Research, National Institute for Longevity Sciences, Obu, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Atsushi","family":"Harada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, National Chubu Hospital, Obu, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takayuki","family":"Hosoi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrinology Section, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Akimitsu","family":"Miyauchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, National Hyogo-Chuo Hospital, Sanda, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kyoji","family":"Ikeda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geriatric Research, National Institute for Longevity Sciences, Obu, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hiroaki","family":"Ohta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 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