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Some segments of the U.S. population have high fasting serum retinyl ester concentrations, a physiological marker that may reflect high and possibly excessive vitamin A intake. We examined the association between fasting serum retinyl esters and BMD in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988\u20131994 (NHANES III), a large, nationally representative sample of the U.S. population. BMD was measured for the femoral neck, trochanter, intertrochanter, and total hip on all nonpregnant participants aged \u226520 years; 5790 participants also had complete data on fasting serum retinyl esters and covariates including age, body mass index (BMI), smoking, alcohol consumption, dietary supplement use, diabetes, physical activity, and, among women, parity, menopausal status, and the use of oral contraceptives or estrogen-replacement therapy. The sample included non-Hispanic white, non-Hispanic black, and Mexican American men and women. We examined the association between fasting serum retinyl esters and BMD at each site, controlling for covariates with multiple linear regression. We examined the association with osteopenia and osteoporosis with multiple logistic regression. Although the prevalences of high fasting serum retinyl esters concentration and low BMD were both substantial in this sample, there were no significant associations between fasting serum retinyl esters and any measure of bone mineral status.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.2001.16.12.2306","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,4,27]],"date-time":"2006-04-27T03:52:36Z","timestamp":1146109956000},"page":"2306-2312","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":60,"title":["High Serum Retinyl Esters Are Not Associated with Reduced Bone Mineral Density in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988\u20131994"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Carol","family":"Ballew","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dr. Ballew is currently Director of the Alaska Native Epidemiology Center, Anchorage, Alaska, USA"},{"name":"Division of Nutrition and Physical Activity, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deborah","family":"Galuska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nutrition and Physical Activity, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cathleen","family":"Gillespie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nutrition and Physical Activity, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,12,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024020714114583900_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"980","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1962.03050490004002","article-title":"Focal retardation and arrestment of growth of bones due to vitamin A intoxication","volume":"182","author":"Pease","year":"1962","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2024020714114583900_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-80-1-44","article-title":"Hypercalcemia and skeletal effects in chronic hypervitaminosis A","volume":"80","author":"Frame","year":"1974","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"2024020714114583900_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.1981.02130310040014","article-title":"Chronic vitamin A intoxication. 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