{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T21:25:30Z","timestamp":1790889930614,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2001,2,1]],"date-time":"2001-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":980985600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Evidence suggests that the newly described estrogen receptor \u03b2 (ER-\u03b2) may be important for estrogen (17\u03b2-estradiol) action on the skeleton, but its cellular localization in adult human bone requires clarification. We addressed this by using indirect immunoperoxidase with a novel affinity purified polyclonal antibody to human ER-\u03b2, raised to hinge domain (D) sequences from the human receptor. Bone was demineralized in 20% EDTA and all biopsy specimens were formalin-fixed and wax-embedded. Vigorous retrieval was essential for ER-\u03b2 detection. In sections (5 \u03bcm) of benign prostate hyperplasia, used as positive control, clear nuclear immunoreactivity was seen in glandular epithelial cells, with a 1:500 dilution of ER-\u03b240. For bone sections, optimal antibody dilutions were 1:100\u20131:250. We found that in normal bone (from graft operations), in fracture callus from both men and women (&amp;gt;25 years old), pagetic bone, osteophytes, and secondary hyperparathyroid bone, all from older patients, ER-\u03b2 was expressed clearly in osteoclast nuclei, with little cytoplasmic immunoreactivity. Nuclear immunoreactivity was still prominent in osteoclasts, with antibody diluted 1:500, although it faded in other cells. Osteoblasts, in areas of active bone formation or bone remodeling, also expressed ER-\u03b2, as did some osteocytes. However, hypertrophic chondrocytes were negative, unlike mesenchymal cells, adjacent to the osteogenesis. Megakaryocytes and some capillary blood vessels cells were receptor positive. All ER-\u03b2 expression was blocked totally by preincubation of antibody with antigen. We conclude that ER-\u03b2 is expressed in cells of osteoblast lineage and in osteoclasts. The latter appear relatively abundant in this receptor and this might provide a means for direct action of estrogen on osteoclasts.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.2001.16.2.214","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,4,27]],"date-time":"2006-04-27T04:50:23Z","timestamp":1146113423000},"page":"214-220","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":138,"title":["Localization of Estrogen Receptor \u03b2 Protein Expression in Adult Human Bone"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Isobel P.","family":"Braidman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Musculoskeletal Research Group, University of Manchester Medical School, Manchester, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linda","family":"Hainey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Musculoskeletal Research Group, University of Manchester Medical School, Manchester, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gaurav","family":"Batra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Musculoskeletal Research Group, University of Manchester Medical School, Manchester, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter L.","family":"Selby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Musculoskeletal Research Group, University of Manchester Medical School, Manchester, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philippa T.K.","family":"Saunders","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Research Council Human Reproductive Sciences Unit, Edinburgh, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Judith A.","family":"Hoyland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Musculoskeletal Research Group, University of Manchester Medical School, Manchester, 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