{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]],"date-time":"2025-10-13T15:16:03Z","timestamp":1760368563286},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,4,1]],"date-time":"2003-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1049155200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Craniosynostosis, the premature fusion of the skull bones at the sutures, represents a disruption to the coordinated growth and development of the expanding brain and calvarial vault and is the second most common birth defect that affects the craniofacial complex. Mutations in the human homeobox-containing gene, Msx2, have been shown to cause Boston type craniosynostosis, and we have shown that overexpression of Msx2 leads to craniosynostosis in mice. Activating mutations in fibroblast growth factor (FGF) receptors are thought to cause craniosynostosis in Crouzon, Apert, Jackson-Weiss, Beare-Stevenson, and Muenke syndromes. To mimic activated signaling by mutated FGF receptors, we used heparin acrylic beads to deliver FGF ligands to mouse calvaria and demonstrated increased Msx2, Runx2, Bsp, and Osteocalcin gene expression, decreased cell proliferation, and suture obliteration and fusion. FGF2 elicited the greatest increase in Msx2 expression, and FGF1 was most likely to cause suture obliteration and fusion. Of the three sutures studied, the coronal suture exhibited the greatest increase in Msx2 expression and was the most likely to undergo obliteration and fusion. These results are intriguing because the coronal suture is the most commonly affected suture in syndromic craniosynostosis. These results suggest that Msx2 is a downstream target of FGF receptor signaling and that increased FGF signaling leads to osteogenic differentiation by sutural mesenchyme in mouse calvaria. These results are consistent with the hypotheses that increased Msx2 expression and activated signaling by mutated FGF receptors lead to craniosynostosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.2003.18.4.751","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,4,26]],"date-time":"2006-04-26T23:09:09Z","timestamp":1146092949000},"page":"751-759","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["Fibroblast Growth Factors Lead to Increased <i>Msx2<\/i> Expression and Fusion in Calvarial Sutures"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"18","author":[{"suffix":"Jr","given":"Michael A","family":"Ignelzi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, The University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, The University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrew T","family":"Young","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, The University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,12,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024013019145404600_bib1","volume-title":"Craniosynostosis : Diagnosis, Evaluation, and Management","author":"Cohen","year":"2000","edition":"2nd ed."},{"key":"2024013019145404600_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(93)90379-5","article-title":"A mutation in the homeodomain of the human MSX2 gene in a family affected with autosomal dominant craniosynostosis","volume":"75","author":"Jabs","year":"1993","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2024013019145404600_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6137","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.92.13.6137","article-title":"Premature suture closure and ectopic cranial bone in mice expressing Msx2 transgenes in the developing skull","volume":"92","author":"Liu","year":"1995","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"2024013019145404600_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1038\/ng1194-275","article-title":"Jackson-Weiss and Crouzon syndromes are allelic with mutations in fibroblast growth factor receptor 2","volume":"8","author":"Jabs","year":"1994","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"2024013019145404600_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1077","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/4.6.1077","article-title":"Mutations in the third immunoglobulin domain of the fibroblast growth factor receptor-2 gene in Crouzon syndrome","volume":"4","author":"Oldridge","year":"1995","journal-title":"Hum Mol Genet"},{"key":"2024013019145404600_bib6","first-page":"491","article-title":"FGFR2 exon IIIa and IIIc mutations in Crouzon. Jackson-Weiss, and Pfeiffer syndromes: Evidence for missense changes, insertions, and a deletion due to alternative RNA splicing","volume":"58","author":"Meyers","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"2024013019145404600_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1038\/ng0994-98","article-title":"Mutations in the fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 gene cause Crouzon syndrome","volume":"8","author":"Reardon","year":"1994","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"2024013019145404600_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1229","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/4.7.1229","article-title":"Novel FGFR2 mutations in Crouzon and Jackson-Weiss syndromes show allelic heterogeneity and phenotypic variability","volume":"4","author":"Park","year":"1995","journal-title":"Hum Mol Genet"},{"key":"2024013019145404600_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1038\/ng1194-269","article-title":"A common mutation in the fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 gene in Pfeiffer syndrome","volume":"8","author":"Muenke","year":"1994","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"2024013019145404600_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1038\/ng0295-173","article-title":"Identical mutations in the FGFR2 gene cause both Pfeiffer and Crouzon syndrome phenotypes","volume":"9","author":"Rutland","year":"1995","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"2024013019145404600_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1038\/ng0295-108","article-title":"FGFR2 mutations in Pfeiffer syndrome","volume":"9","author":"Lajeunie","year":"1995","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"2024013019145404600_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/4.3.323","article-title":"Mutations in FGFR1 and FGFR2 cause familial and sporadic Pfeiffer syndrome","volume":"4","author":"Schell","year":"1995","journal-title":"Hum Mol Genet"},{"key":"2024013019145404600_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1038\/ng1096-174","article-title":"Identical mutations in three different fibroblast growth factor receptor genes in autosomal dominant craniosynostosis syndromes","volume":"14","author":"Bellus","year":"1996","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"2024013019145404600_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1038\/ng0295-165","article-title":"Apert syndrome results from localized mutations of FGFR2 and is allelic with Crouzon syndrome","volume":"9","author":"Wilkie","year":"1995","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"2024013019145404600_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1086\/302245","article-title":"De novo alu-element insertions in FGFR2 identify a distinct pathological basis for Apert syndrome","volume":"64","author":"Oldridge","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"2024013019145404600_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1038\/ng0896-492","article-title":"Fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 mutations in Beare-Stevenson cutis gyrata syndrome","volume":"13","author":"Przylepa","year":"1996","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"2024013019145404600_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"744","DOI":"10.1136\/jmg.33.9.744","article-title":"A recurrent mutation, ala391glu, in the transmembrane region of FGFR3 causes Crouzon syndrome and acanthosis nigricans","volume":"33","author":"Wilkes","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Med Genet"},{"key":"2024013019145404600_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1038\/ng1295-462","article-title":"Fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) transmembrane mutation in Crouzon syndrome with acanthosis nigricans","volume":"11","author":"Meyers","year":"1995","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"2024013019145404600_bib19","first-page":"555","article-title":"A unique point mutation in the fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 gene (FGFR3) defines a new craniosynostosis syndrome","volume":"60","author":"Muenke","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"2024013019145404600_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.114.1.233","article-title":"Two FGF receptor genes are differentially expressed in epithelial and mesenchymal tissues during limb formation and organogenesis in the mouse","volume":"114","author":"Peters","year":"1992","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"2024013019145404600_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1419","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.113.4.1419","article-title":"Developmental expression of two murine fibroblast growth factor receptors, flg and bek","volume":"113","author":"Orr-Urtreger","year":"1991","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"2024013019145404600_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/0012-1606(92)90157-C","article-title":"Expression of the fibroblast growth factor receptor FGFR-1\/flg during gastrulation and segmentation in the mouse embryo","volume":"152","author":"Yamaguchi","year":"1992","journal-title":"Dev Biol"},{"key":"2024013019145404600_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3362","DOI":"10.1096\/fasebj.6.15.1464370","article-title":"Complexity of FGF receptors: Genetic basis for structural diversity and functional specificity","volume":"6","author":"Givol","year":"1992","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"key":"2024013019145404600_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1006\/mgme.1999.2915","article-title":"Craniosynostosis syndromes: From genes to premature fusion of skull bones","volume":"68","author":"Hehr","year":"1999","journal-title":"Mol Genet Met"},{"key":"2024013019145404600_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1460-2075.1996.tb00384.x","article-title":"Constitutive activation of fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 by the transmembrane domain point mutation found in achondroplasia","volume":"15","author":"Webster","year":"1996","journal-title":"EMBO J"},{"key":"2024013019145404600_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7894","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.93.15.7894","article-title":"Constitutive receptor activation by Crouzon syndrome mutations in fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR)2 and FGFR2\/Neu chimeras","volume":"93","author":"Galvin","year":"1996","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"2024013019145404600_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25049","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.271.40.25049","article-title":"Ligand-independent activation of fibroblast growth factor receptors by point mutations in the extracellular, transmembrane, and kinase domains","volume":"271","author":"Neilson","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Bio Chem"},{"key":"2024013019145404600_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4081","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.16.8.4081","article-title":"Profound ligand-independent kinase activation of fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 by the activation loop mutation responsible for a lethal skeletal dysplasia, thanatophoric dysplasia type II","volume":"16","author":"Webster","year":"1996","journal-title":"Mol Cell Biol"},{"key":"2024013019145404600_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4652(199707)172:1<117::AID-JCP13>3.0.CO;2-9","article-title":"Mutation associated with Crouzon syndrome causes ligand-independent dimerization and activation of FGF receptor-2","volume":"172","author":"Mangasarian","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Cell Physiol"},{"key":"2024013019145404600_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4567","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.8.4567","article-title":"Activating mutations in the extracellular domain of the fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 function by disruption of the disulfide bond in the third immunoglobulin-like domain","volume":"95","author":"Robertson","year":"1998","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"2024013019145404600_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1475","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/7.9.1475","article-title":"Apert syndrome mutations in fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 exhibit increased affinity for FGF ligand","volume":"7","author":"Anderson","year":"1998","journal-title":"Hum Mol Genet"},{"key":"2024013019145404600_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14536","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.97.26.14536","article-title":"Loss of fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 ligand-binding specificity in Apert syndrome","volume":"97","author":"Yu","year":"2000","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"2024013019145404600_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.119.1.287","article-title":"FGF-4 regulates expression of Evx-1 in the developing mouse limb","volume":"119","author":"Niswander","year":"1993","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"2024013019145404600_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1038\/371609a0","article-title":"A positive feedback loop coordinates growth and patterning in the vertebrate limb","volume":"371","author":"Niswander","year":"1994","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2024013019145404600_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1038\/361068a0","article-title":"FGF-4 and BMP-2 have opposite effects on limb growth","volume":"361","author":"Niswander","year":"1993","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2024013019145404600_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(93)90391-3","article-title":"FGF-4 replaces the apical ectodermal ridge and directs outgrowth and patterning of the limb","volume":"75","author":"Niswander","year":"1993","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2024013019145404600_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(05)80083-2","article-title":"Identification of BMP-4 as a signal mediating secondary induction between epithelial and mesenchymal tissues during early tooth development","volume":"75","author":"Vainio","year":"1993","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2024013019145404600_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1006\/dbio.1995.1300","article-title":"Effect of FGF on gene expression in chick limb bud cells in vivo and in vitro","volume":"171","author":"Vogel","year":"1995","journal-title":"Dev Biol"},{"issue":"Suppl","key":"2024013019145404600_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5611","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.126.24.5611","article-title":"Fgfr1 and Fgfr2 have distinct differentiation- and proliferation-related roles in the developing mouse skull vault","volume":"126","author":"Iseki","year":"1999","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"2024013019145404600_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3375","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.124.17.3375","article-title":"Fgfr2 and osteopontin domains in the developing skull vault are mutually exclusive and can be altered by locally applied FGF2","volume":"124","author":"Iseki","year":"1997","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"2024013019145404600_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1241","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.125.7.1241","article-title":"FGF-, BMP- and Shh-mediated signalling pathways in the regulation of cranial suture morphogenesis and calvarial bone development","volume":"125","author":"Kim","year":"1998","journal-title":"Development"},{"issue":"Suppl","key":"2024013019145404600_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1845","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.127.9.1845","article-title":"Integration of FGF and TWIST in calvarial bone and suture development","volume":"127","author":"Rice","year":"2000","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"2024013019145404600_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1978","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.5650101218","article-title":"Cranial sutures require tissue interactions with dura mater to resist osseous obliteration in vitro","volume":"10","author":"Opperman","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"2024013019145404600_bib44","first-page":"101","article-title":"Competitive RT-PCR ELISA: A rapid, sensitive and non-radioactive method to quantitate cytokine mRNA","volume":"169","author":"Taniguchi","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"2024013019145404600_bib45","first-page":"78","article-title":"Random primer p(dN)6-digoxigenin labeling for quantitation of mRNA by Q-RT-PCR and ELISA","volume":"18","author":"Lear","year":"1995","journal-title":"Biotechniques"},{"key":"2024013019145404600_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1594","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI118953","article-title":"Genetic control of T cell receptor BJ gene expression in peripheral lymphocytes of normal and rheumatoid arthritis monozygotic twins","volume":"98","author":"Nanki","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"2024013019145404600_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0714.1997.tb00220.x","article-title":"Detection of herpes simplex virus type 1 shedding in the oral cavity by polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay at the prodromal stage of recrudescent herpes labialis","volume":"26","author":"Scott","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Oral Pathol Med"},{"key":"2024013019145404600_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4705","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.166.7.4705","article-title":"A comparison of mediators released or generated by IFN-gamma-treated human mast cells following aggregation of Fc gamma RI or Fc epsilon RI","volume":"166","author":"Okayama","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"2024013019145404600_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/S1386-6532(00)00177-3","article-title":"Strategy for the maximization of clinically relevant information from hepatitis C virus. RT-PCR quantification","volume":"20","author":"Levis","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Clin Virol"},{"key":"2024013019145404600_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2393","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.68.5.2393-2401.2000","article-title":"Immune destruction of larval taenia crassiceps in mice","volume":"68","author":"Mooney","year":"2000","journal-title":"Infect Immunol"},{"key":"2024013019145404600_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4382","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.140.10.7034","article-title":"Stimulation of osteoprotegerin ligand and inhibition of osteoprotegerin production by glucocorticoids in human osteoblastic lineage cells: Potential paracrine mechanisms of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis","volume":"140","author":"Hofbauer","year":"1999","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"2024013019145404600_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2004","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.161.4.2004","article-title":"The differential production of three forms of IL-1 receptor antagonist by human neutrophils and monocytes","volume":"161","author":"Malyak","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"2024013019145404600_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.118.1.47","article-title":"Differential expression of multiple fork head related genes during gastrulation and axial pattern formation in the mouse embryo","volume":"118","author":"Sasaki","year":"1993","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"2024013019145404600_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)80257-3","article-title":"Osf2\/Cbfa1: A transcriptional activator of osteoblast differentiation","volume":"89","author":"Ducy","year":"1997","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2024013019145404600_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00292337","article-title":"Murine bone sialoprotein (BSP): CDNA cloning, mRNA expression, and genetic mapping","volume":"5","author":"Young","year":"1994","journal-title":"Mammalian Genome"},{"key":"2024013019145404600_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1885","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1460-2075.1986.tb04440.x","article-title":"Isolation of the human gene for bone gla protein utilizing mouse and rat cDNA clones","volume":"5","author":"Celeste","year":"1986","journal-title":"EMBO J"},{"key":"2024013019145404600_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780199635696.003.0004","volume-title":"Cell Growth and Apoptosis: A Practical Approach","author":"Silvestrini","year":"1995"},{"key":"2024013019145404600_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15292","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.271.25.15292","article-title":"Receptor specificity of the fibroblast growth factor family","volume":"271","author":"Ornitz","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"2024013019145404600_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.125.4.753","article-title":"Fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2)-mediated reciprocal regulation loop between FGF8 and FGF10 is essential for limb induction","volume":"125","author":"Xu","year":"1998","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"2024013019145404600_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.1996.76.2.593","article-title":"Transcriptional control of osteoblast growth and differentiation","volume":"76","author":"Stein","year":"1996","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"key":"2024013019145404600_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1159\/000145578","article-title":"Morphogenesis of the mouse coronal suture","volume":"114","author":"Johansen","year":"1982","journal-title":"Acta Anat"},{"key":"2024013019145404600_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2001","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/9.13.2001","article-title":"A Pro250Arg substitution in mouse Fgfr1 causes increased expression of Cbfa1 and premature fusion of calvarial sutures","volume":"9","author":"Zhou","year":"2000","journal-title":"Hum Mol Genet"},{"key":"2024013019145404600_bib63","first-page":"1310","article-title":"Increased calvaria cell differentiation and bone matrix formation induced by fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 mutations in Apert syndrome","volume":"101","author":"Lomri","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"issue":"Suppl","key":"2024013019145404600_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2143","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.128.11.2143","article-title":"FGF2 promotes skeletogenic differentiation of cranial neural crest cells","volume":"128","author":"Sarkar","year":"2001","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"2024013019145404600_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2443.2001.00466.x","article-title":"Regulation of the activity of the transcription factor Runx2 by two homeobox proteins Msx2 and Dlx5","volume":"6","author":"Shirakabe","year":"2001","journal-title":"Gene Cell"},{"key":"2024013019145404600_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16360","DOI":"10.1021\/bi981878u","article-title":"Reciprocal regulation of osteocalcin transcription by the homeodomain proteins Msx2 and Dlx5","volume":"37","author":"Newberry","year":"1998","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"2024013019145404600_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5331","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M008590200","article-title":"Dlxin-1, a novel protein that binds Dlx5 and regulates its transcriptional function","volume":"276","author":"Masuda","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"2024013019145404600_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.3727\/000000001783992515","article-title":"Antagonistic regulation of Dlx2 expression by PITX2 and Msx2: Implications for tooth development","volume":"9","author":"Green","year":"2001","journal-title":"Gene Express"},{"key":"2024013019145404600_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1038\/74231","article-title":"Msx2 deficiency in mice causes pleiotropic defects in bone growth and ectodermal organ formation","volume":"24","author":"Satokata","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"2024013019145404600_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1006\/dbio.1999.9258","article-title":"Ectopic Msx2 overexpression inhibits and Msx2 antisense stimulates calvarial osteoblast differentiation","volume":"209","author":"Dodig","year":"1999","journal-title":"Dev Biol"},{"key":"2024013019145404600_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1006\/dbio.1998.9114","article-title":"Msx2 gene dosage influences the number of proliferative osteogenic cells in growth centers of the developing murine skull: A possible mechanism for MSX2-mediated craniosynostosis in humans","volume":"205","author":"Liu","year":"1999","journal-title":"Dev Biol"}],"container-title":["Journal of Bone and Mineral Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1359%2Fjbmr.2003.18.4.751","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jbmr\/article-pdf\/18\/4\/751\/56470851\/5650180418.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jbmr\/article-pdf\/18\/4\/751\/56470851\/5650180418.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,13]],"date-time":"2024-03-13T15:06:57Z","timestamp":1710342417000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jbmr\/article\/18\/4\/751-759\/7592474"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2003,4,1]]},"references-count":71,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,12,2]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,4,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1359\/jbmr.2003.18.4.751","relation":{},"ISSN":["0884-0431","1523-4681"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0884-0431","type":"print"},{"value":"1523-4681","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2003,4,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2003,4,1]]}}}