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We hypothesize that bone active agents improve bone strength in osteoporotic bone by altering different material properties of the bone. Eighteen-month-old female Fischer rats were ovariectomized (OVX) or sham-operated and left untreated for 60 days to induce osteopenia before they were treated with single doses of either risedronate (500 \u03bcg\/kg, IV), zoledronic acid (100 \u03bcg\/kg, IV), raloxifene (2 mg\/kg, PO, three times per week), hPTH(1\u201334) (25 \u03bcg\/kg, SC, three times per week), or vehicle (NS; 1 ml\/kg, three times per week). Groups of animals were killed after days 60 and 180 of treatment, and either the proximal tibial metaphysis or lumbar vertebral body were studied. Bone volume and architecture were assessed by \u03bcCT and histomorphometry. Measurements of bone quality included the degree of bone mineralization (DBM), localized elastic modulus, bone turnover by histomorphometry, compression testing of the LVB, and three-point bending testing of the femur. The trabecular bone volume, DBM, elastic modulus, and compressive bone strength were all significantly lower at day 60 post-OVX (pretreatment, day 0 study) than at baseline. After 60 days of all of the bone active treatments, bone mass and material measurements agent were restored. However, after 180 days of treatment, the OVX + PTH group further increased BV\/TV (+30% from day 60, p &amp;lt; 0.05 within group and between groups). In addition, after 180 days of treatment, there was more highly mineralized cortical and trabecular bone and increased cortical bone size and whole bone strength in OVX + PTH compared with other OVX + antiresorptives. Treatment of estrogen-deficient aged rats with either antiresorptive agents or PTH rapidly improved many aspects of bone quality including microarchitecture, bone mineralization, turnover, and bone strength. However, prolonged treatment for 180 days with PTH resulted in additional gains in bone quality and bone strength, suggesting that the maximal gains in bone strength in cortical and trabecular bone sites may require a longer treatment period with PTH.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.81005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,21]],"date-time":"2009-01-21T17:45:30Z","timestamp":1232559930000},"page":"209-220","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Prolonged Treatments With Antiresorptive Agents and PTH Have Different Effects on Bone Strength and the Degree of Mineralization in Old Estrogen-Deficient Osteoporotic Rats"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Zhiqiang","family":"Cheng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"These authors contributed equally to this study"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Aging Center, UC Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"These authors contributed equally to this study"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Aging Center, UC Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth A","family":"Zimmermann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cheryl","family":"Busse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Aging Center, UC Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert O","family":"Ritchie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nancy E","family":"Lane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Aging Center, UC Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,12,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024020320050081400_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jopan.2007.03.009","article-title":"Osteoporosis: A national public health priority","volume":"22","author":"Iacono","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Perianesth Nurs"},{"key":"2024020320050081400_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/S8756-3282(99)00116-7","article-title":"Bisphosphonates: From the laboratory to the clinic and back again","volume":"25","author":"Russell","year":"1999","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"2024020320050081400_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1007\/s00223-003-0042-4","article-title":"Risedronate rapidly reduces the risk for nonvertebral fractures in women with postmenopausal osteoporosis","volume":"74","author":"Harrington","year":"2004","journal-title":"Calcif Tissue Int"},{"key":"2024020320050081400_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1437","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199511303332201","article-title":"Effect of oral alendronate on bone mineral density and the incidence of fractures in postmenopausal osteoporosis. 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