{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T00:36:38Z","timestamp":1787790998095,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Guttmacher Institute","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,17]],"date-time":"2015-11-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1447718400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Perspect Sexual Reproductive"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>CONTEXT<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content> disproportionately affects homeless youth, and interventions to date have had minimal success in reducing sexual risk behaviors in this population. Few qualitative studies have been conducted to provide insight into the influence of homelessness\u2010related factors on sexual risk behaviors.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title><jats:p>A qualitative study with a quantitative component was conducted with a nonprobability sample of 64 homeless youth aged 14\u201324; participants were recruited from a variety of venues in Houston between October 2013 and March 2014. Thirteen focus group discussions were conducted; thematic analysis was used to identify themes related to <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content> risk.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title><jats:p>Participants were predominantly black (75%), sheltered (67%) and aged 18 or older (77%). Youth discussed how the circumstances of their homelessness and the struggle to meet their immediate needs led to behaviors and experiences that put them at risk for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content>. Three themes emerged: Homeless youth frequently engage in risky sexual behavior, sometimes as a way to cope with stress; they often trade sex, either voluntarily or involuntarily, for such necessities as money or a place to sleep; and many experienced childhood sexual victimization or have been victimized since becoming homeless. Youth also described how stress, stigma and self\u2010reliance contributed to their involvement in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content> risk behaviors.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content> prevention methods that target stress and stigma while respecting youths\u2019 self\u2010reliance may help reduce sexual risk behaviors. Further research is needed to determine suitable behavioral change techniques to address these potentially modifiable factors.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1363\/47e6715","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,17]],"date-time":"2015-11-17T15:00:47Z","timestamp":1447772447000},"page":"195-201","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Exploring Contextual Factors of Youth Homelessness And Sexual Risk Behaviors: A Qualitative Study"],"prefix":"10.1363","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"Diane","family":"Santa Maria","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Texas, School of Nursing  Houston"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah C.","family":"Narendorf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Houston, Graduate College of Social Work"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoonsook","family":"Ha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Boston University School of Social Work"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noel","family":"Bezette\u2010Flores","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Houston\u2013Downtown"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"259","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","unstructured":"National Alliance to End Homelessness 2015 http:\/\/www.endhomelessness.org\/pages\/youth"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1022589002915"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1054-139X(98)00071-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.2004.010728"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5993\/AJHB.39.4.11"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10578-011-0270-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adolescence.2014.04.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.childyouth.2014.05.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2010.02.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10508-014-0375-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1054-139X(97)00038-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1024697706033"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2012.11.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/spid.2003.127212"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2007.09.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-008-9395-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00224490609552319"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1071\/SH06045"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10508-007-9201-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1744-6171.2010.00247.x"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1353\/hpu.0.0318","article-title":"The challenge of pregnancy among homeless youth: reclaiming a lost opportunity","volume":"21","author":"Smid M","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Health Care for the Poor and Underserved"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1547-5069.2001.00033.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1891\/vivi.21.3.287"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1524838015584371"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2008.06.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-9-171"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260512455517"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnbeh.2013.00142"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2012.02.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13803390902776860"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-7358(99)00070-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"GaleaS AhernJandVlahovD Contextual determinants of drug use risk behavior: a theoretic framework Journal of Urban Health 2003 80(4 Suppl. 3):iii50\u2013iii58.","DOI":"10.1093\/jurban\/jtg082"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2013.10.037"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13548506.2014.951369"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2013.02.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00224499.2014.976782"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-012-0206-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_39_1","volume-title":"Designing and Conducting Mixed Methods Research","author":"Creswell JW","year":"2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006199-200307000-00005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_41_1","volume-title":"Self\u2010Care Theory in Nursing","author":"Renpenning KM","year":"2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_42_1","volume-title":"Interviewing as Qualitative Research: A Guide for Researchers in Education and the Social Sciences","author":"Seidman I","year":"2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_43_1","volume-title":"Analyzing Qualitative Data: Systematic Approaches","author":"Bernard HR","year":"2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-005-9000-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/NNR.0b013e3181d1a8a9"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-1446.2008.00726.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.evalprogplan.2008.04.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2524.2009.00901.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1891\/0886-6708.26.6.816"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1022891802943"}],"container-title":["Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1363%2F47e6715","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1363\/47e6715","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,29]],"date-time":"2023-09-29T13:02:52Z","timestamp":1695992572000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1363\/47e6715"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,17]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1363\/47e6715"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1363\/47e6715","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1538-6341","1931-2393"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1538-6341","type":"print"},{"value":"1931-2393","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,17]]}}}