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Netw."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Optical fiber communication networks serve as the backbone of global information infrastructure, supporting high-speed, high-capacity, low-latency data transmission that underpins the digital economy and intelligent society development. Meanwhile, optical fibers possess inherent sensing capabilities for high-precision, distributed measurement of physical parameters including temperature, strain, and vibration. Through technological convergence and innovation, optical transmission networks are evolving from conventional information channels into intelligent infrastructure with integrated sensing capabilities, achieving fiber-based integrated sensing and communication (F-ISAC). This paper reviews three major fiber sensing approaches, including distributed optical fiber sensing (DOFS), polarization\/phase demodulation, and recently emerged digital longitudinal monitoring (DLM) sensing technology. Then this paper systematically summarizes four F-ISAC integration architectures with their performance characteristics and selection guidelines. This work provides deployment scenarios from an operator\u2019s perspective, including terrestrial and submarine optical cables, and emerging hollow-core fiber networks. Combining with external sensing services for smart city infrastructure, this paper provides a practical reference for the evolution of optical networks toward intelligent sensing infrastructure.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1364\/jocn.584918","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]],"date-time":"2026-04-27T19:00:08Z","timestamp":1777316408000},"page":"B150","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Integrated sensing and communication for optical\u00a0transmission networks"],"prefix":"10.1364","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Qian","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"China Telecom Research Institute"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xia","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China Telecom Research Institute"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anxu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China Telecom Research Institute"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China Telecom Research Institute"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoli","family":"Huo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China Telecom Research Institute"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"285","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"jocn-18-6-B150-R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2018.2864779","type":"journal-article","volume":"21","author":"Al-Turjman","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. 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