{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T14:15:42Z","timestamp":1781532942403,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Optica Publishing Group","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775779200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/OA_License_v2#VOR"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775779200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/opg.optica.org\/policies\/opg-tdm-policy.json"}],"funder":[{"name":"Horizon Europe FLEX-SCALE","award":["101096909"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101096909"]}]},{"name":"Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovaci\u00f3n y Universidades","award":["PID2024-159781OB-I00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID2024-159781OB-I00"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05r0vyz12","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"ERDF\/EU"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["opg.optica.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Opt. Commun. Netw."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>As bandwidth demands continue to rise, wavelength-level granularity in wavelength division multiplexing (WDM)-based optical networks becomes a limiting factor, as scaling such networks places increasing load on the WDM nodes. This motivates a shift toward coarser switching granularities. Node architectures will thus evolve from wavelength switching to waveband-selective switching and eventually to fiber cross-connects as capacity requirements grow. Multi-granular optical node (MG-ON) architectures support this transition by integrating wavelength, waveband, and spatial switching. However, during dynamic routing and resource assignment, MG-ON architectures may suffer from inefficient utilization of wavelength, waveband, and spatial resources. This can lead to increased connection request blocking. To address this, we propose a dynamic routing and resource assignment algorithm combined with an augmented optical grooming strategy for MG-ON networks. We evaluate the proposed approach in terms of connection accommodation, switch count, and per-switch port requirements across multiple network configurations. Its performance is compared with baseline WDM networks and existing MG-ON grooming strategies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1364\/jocn.588602","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,3]],"date-time":"2026-03-03T13:00:08Z","timestamp":1772542808000},"page":"394","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Dynamic routing and resource assignment for multi-granular optical node architectures with optical grooming"],"prefix":"10.1364","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4547-6374","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Varsha","family":"Lohani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/001cwea56","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4651-4499","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Raul","family":"Mu\u00f1oz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/001cwea56","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2663-6571","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ramon","family":"Casellas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/001cwea56","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9721-3405","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ioannis","family":"Tomkos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Patras"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8740-5419","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Dan M.","family":"Marom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hebrew University of Jerusalem"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"285","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"jocn-18-5-394-R3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.53829\/ntr201706fa1","type":"journal-article","volume":"15","author":"Miyamoto","year":"2017","journal-title":"NTT Tech. 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All rights, including for text and data mining (TDM), Artificial Intelligence (AI) training, and similar technologies, are reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}