{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T14:20:59Z","timestamp":1778682059320,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Optica Publishing Group","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774569600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/OA_License_v2#VOR"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774569600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/opg.optica.org\/policies\/opg-tdm-policy.json"}],"funder":[{"name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","award":["JP18H01443"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP18H01443"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00hhkn466","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"National Institute of Information and Communications Technology","award":["JPJ012368C00201"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JPJ012368C00201"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/016bgq349","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"National Institute of Information and Communications Technology","award":["JPJ 012368C07801"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JPJ 012368C07801"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/016bgq349","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["opg.optica.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Opt. Commun. Netw."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>We report the implementation and experimental feasibility demonstration of modular spatial cross-connects (SXCs) for spatial channel networks (SCNs) based on route-and-select architectures using packaged 19-core-fiber (19-CF)-based optical switches. The SXCs employ hermetically sealed core selective switches (CSSs), core selectors (CSs), and core port selectors (CPSs) integrated into a compact 1U rack-mount chassis with software-based polarity and core-arrangement management, enabling any-core-access, nondirectional, and contentionless spatial-channel (SCh) routing. We experimentally demonstrate hierarchical establishment, routing, and protection of SChs and wavelength channels; core-contention-free SCh establishment using CPS-based add\/drop sections; and inter-domain SCh establishment and restoration in a heterogeneous 4-core-fiber (4-CF)\/16-core-fiber (16-CF) SCN. The heterogeneous SCN is interconnected via a spatial gateway constructed using 19-CF CSSs and 4-C\/19-C converters, with loss compensation provided by cladding-pumped 19-CF erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFAs) and first-in-first-out-less core-pumped 4-CF EDFAs. Experimental results show low insertion loss, low inter-core crosstalk, a negligible optical-signal-to-noise-ratio penalty, and successful fault protection and restoration, demonstrating the practical feasibility and scalability of CSS-based modular SXCs for future large-scale SCNs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1364\/jocn.590078","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,4]],"date-time":"2026-02-04T20:00:10Z","timestamp":1770235210000},"page":"C1","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Spatial channel network (SCN): implementation and feasibility demonstrations of modular spatial cross-connects using three types of packaged 19-core-fiber-based optical switches"],"prefix":"10.1364","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8928-6903","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Masahiko","family":"Jinno","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04j7mzp05","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}]},{"given":"Ryohei","family":"Otowa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Santec AOC Corporation"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-6807-6334","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yusuke","family":"Matsuno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Furukawa Electric Co. 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All rights, including for text and data mining (TDM), Artificial Intelligence (AI) training, and similar technologies, are reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}