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To address these issues, this paper proposes a bidirectional XT-aware impact (BXI) to evaluate the XT effects under bidirectional transmission. Based on this metric, a fragmentation measure is further incorporated to develop a bidirectional crosstalk- and fragmentation-aware metric (BCFM). Meanwhile, to ensure the quality of transmission, a bidirectional optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR) impairment evaluation model is introduced. Building upon these components, a novel, to our knowledge, bidirectional crosstalk- and fragmentation-aware (BCFA) resource allocation scheme is finally formulated. Based on bidirectional core assignment, the BCFA scheme jointly considers the impacts of XT and spectrum fragmentation to improve overall resource utilization, in which a novel, to our knowledge, bidirectional crosstalk and fragmentation-aware metric is defined. This metric quantitatively evaluates the influence of adjacent links on a given lightpath under bidirectional transmission conditions. The simulation results demonstrate that the BCFA scheme achieves substantial reductions in blocking probability with higher spectrum utilization.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1364\/jocn.591416","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T11:00:10Z","timestamp":1774522810000},"page":"470","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["BCFA: a bidirectional crosstalk- and fragmentation-aware resource allocation scheme\u00a0in SDM-EONs"],"prefix":"10.1364","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8274-9255","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Bowen","family":"Bao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03yph8055","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03yph8055","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-2345-6063","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ming","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03yph8055","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guo","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03yph8055","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4515-8229","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jiajia","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03yph8055","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiuyan","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1881-9140","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Hui","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9363-9289","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Bijoy Chand","family":"Chatterjee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"South Asian University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2177-5027","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Eiji","family":"Oki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kyoto University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"285","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"jocn-18-5-470-R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"C22","DOI":"10.1364\/JOCN.551629","type":"journal-article","volume":"17","author":"Saliou","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. 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All rights, including for text and data mining (TDM), Artificial Intelligence (AI) training, and similar technologies, are reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}