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Opt. Commun. Netw."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    This paper proposes and comprehensively investigates a robust architecture for free-space chaotic physical-layer secure communication based on Bessel\u2013Gaussian vortex beams (BGVBs). By exploiting the inherent self-healing properties of BGVBs and utilizing the topological charge\n                    <jats:italic>l<\/jats:italic>\n                    and cone angle\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n                    as dual degrees of freedom for multiplexing, we effectively mitigate channel impairments through optimized multidimensional mode spacing. Furthermore, by integrating adaptive optics compensation with a hierarchical sparse mode detection algorithm, the system successfully establishes a reliable physical link in the presence of severe atmospheric turbulence and partial beam obscuration. Statistical analysis verifies that the proposed algorithm enables the system to maintain a correct detection probability exceeding 90%, even under closed-loop strong turbulence scenarios. Building upon this robust physical connectivity, we validate an end-to-end performance of four-channel chaotic transmission over a 1\u00a0km strong turbulence link. The system achieves high-fidelity chaotic synchronization with correlation coefficients exceeding 0.97. Ultimately, an aggregate transmission capacity of 40\u00a0Gbps is realized at an SNR of 20\u00a0dB, with the BER consistently remaining below the HD-FEC threshold. Beyond turbulence mitigation, the system exhibits remarkable resilience against macroscopic obstruction; notably, the link sustains a 40\u00a0Gbps transmission rate even under a severe occlusion ratio of\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                    =0.5.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1364\/jocn.597195","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T18:00:08Z","timestamp":1776103208000},"page":"602","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Robust chaotic free-space optical communication via Bessel\u2013Gaussian beams and adaptive sparse mode detection"],"prefix":"10.1364","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Jinyun","family":"Cao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04qr3zq92","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5383-7969","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ning","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04qr3zq92","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-4972-5237","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Anran","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04qr3zq92","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China Academy of Space Technology"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2055-787X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yiqun","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2138-0957","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yong","family":"Geng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04qr3zq92","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kun","family":"Qiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04qr3zq92","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"285","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"jocn-18-6-602-R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"957","DOI":"10.1109\/OJCOMS.2020.3010270","type":"journal-article","volume":"1","author":"Chowdhury","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Open J. 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