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Scalar\n\t\t\t\t\tsimulations and three-color experimental captures at 450, 520, and\n\t\t\t\t\t660\u2009nm show matched operation from one fixed mirror bias. A\n\t\t\t\t\tfixed-depth diffractive element leaks 7.0% and 11.9% of the power into an unexpanded ghost\n\t\t\t\t\tat 450 and 660\u2009nm, which the metasurface\u2019s full-wave-simulated zero\n\t\t\t\t\torder holds to 0.3% and 2.7%.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1364\/ol.613712","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T16:00:13Z","timestamp":1788537613000},"page":"5729","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Holographic display \u00e9tendue expansion with a binary\n                    <i>\u03c0<\/i>\n                    -metasurface"],"prefix":"10.1364","volume":"51","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3112-2820","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Congli","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00hx57361","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhihao","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Washington"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0223-5984","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ethan","family":"Tseng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00hx57361","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victor","family":"Chu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00hx57361","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8665-9241","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Wei Ting","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SNOChip Inc."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1111-9704","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Johannes E.","family":"Fr\u00f6ch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Washington"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0917-590X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Arka","family":"Majumdar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Washington"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8054-9823","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Felix","family":"Heide","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00hx57361","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"285","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ol-51-20-5729-R1","author":"Goodman","year":"2017"},{"key":"ol-51-20-5729-R2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1563","DOI":"10.1364\/OPTICA.406004","type":"journal-article","volume":"7","author":"Chang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Optica"},{"key":"ol-51-20-5729-R3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1145\/3386569.3392414","type":"journal-article","volume":"39","author":"Kuo","year":"2020","journal-title":"ACM Trans. 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All rights, including\n\t\t\t\t\tfor text and data mining (TDM), Artificial Intelligence (AI) training,\n\t\t\t\t\tand similar technologies, are reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}