{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T22:31:06Z","timestamp":1789770666782,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Optica Publishing Group","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,10]],"date-time":"2020-06-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1591747200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/OA_License_v1#VOR"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,10]],"date-time":"2020-06-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1591747200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/opg.optica.org\/policies\/opg-tdm-policy.json"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001859","name":"Swedish National Space Agency","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001859","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008783","name":"National Research Council of Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CAP\u201315\u201301\u2013KBSI"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CAP\u201315\u201301\u2013KBSI"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008783","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["opg.optica.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Appl. Opt."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>We present optical characterization, calibration, and performance tests of the Mesospheric Airglow\/Aerosol Tomography Spectroscopy (MATS) satellite, which for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, for a satellite, applies a linear-astigmatism-free confocal off-axis reflective optical design. Mechanical tolerances of the telescope were investigated using Monte Carlo methods and single-element perturbations. The sensitivity analysis results indicate that tilt errors of the tertiary mirror and a surface RMS error of the secondary mirror mainly degrade optical performance. From the Monte Carlo simulation, the tolerance limits were calculated to <jats:inline-formula>\n      <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" display=\"inline\">\n\t<mml:mrow class=\"MJX-TeXAtom-ORD\">\n\t  <mml:mo>\u00b1<\/mml:mo>\n\t<\/mml:mrow>\n\t<mml:mn>0.5<\/mml:mn>\n\t<mml:mspace width=\"thickmathspace\"\/>\n\t<mml:mrow class=\"MJX-TeXAtom-ORD\">\n\t  <mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">m<\/mml:mi>\n\t  <mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">m<\/mml:mi>\n\t<\/mml:mrow>\n      <\/mml:math>\n    <\/jats:inline-formula>, <jats:inline-formula>\n      <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" display=\"inline\">\n\t<mml:mrow class=\"MJX-TeXAtom-ORD\">\n\t  <mml:mo>\u00b1<\/mml:mo>\n\t<\/mml:mrow>\n\t<mml:mn>1<\/mml:mn>\n\t<mml:mspace width=\"thickmathspace\"\/>\n\t<mml:mrow class=\"MJX-TeXAtom-ORD\">\n\t  <mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">m<\/mml:mi>\n\t  <mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">m<\/mml:mi>\n\t<\/mml:mrow>\n      <\/mml:math>\n    <\/jats:inline-formula>, and <jats:inline-formula>\n      <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" display=\"inline\">\n\t<mml:mrow class=\"MJX-TeXAtom-ORD\">\n\t  <mml:mo>\u00b1<\/mml:mo>\n\t<\/mml:mrow>\n\t<mml:mrow class=\"MJX-TeXAtom-ORD\">\n\t  <mml:msup>\n\t    <mml:mn>0.15<\/mml:mn>\n\t    <mml:mo>\u2218<\/mml:mo>\n\t  <\/mml:msup>\n\t<\/mml:mrow>\n      <\/mml:math>\n    <\/jats:inline-formula> for decenter, despace, and tilt, respectively. We performed characterization measurements and optical tests with the flight model of the satellite. Multi-channel relative pointing, total optical system throughput, and distortion of each channel were characterized for end-users. Optical performance was evaluated by measuring the modulation transfer function (MTF) and point spread function (PSF). The final MTF performance was 0.25 MTF at 20\u00a0lp\/mm for the ultraviolet channel (304.5\u00a0nm), and 0.25\u20130.54 MTF at 10\u00a0lp\/mm for infrared channels. The salient fact of the PSF measurement of this system is that there is no noticeable linear astigmatism detected over a wide field of view (<jats:inline-formula>\n      <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" display=\"inline\">\n\t<mml:mrow class=\"MJX-TeXAtom-ORD\">\n\t  <mml:msup>\n\t    <mml:mn>5.67<\/mml:mn>\n\t    <mml:mo>\u2218<\/mml:mo>\n\t  <\/mml:msup>\n\t<\/mml:mrow>\n\t<mml:mo>\u00d7<\/mml:mo>\n\t<mml:mrow class=\"MJX-TeXAtom-ORD\">\n\t  <mml:msup>\n\t    <mml:mn>0.91<\/mml:mn>\n\t    <mml:mo>\u2218<\/mml:mo>\n\t  <\/mml:msup>\n\t<\/mml:mrow>\n      <\/mml:math>\n    <\/jats:inline-formula>). All things considered, the design method showed great advantages in wide field of view observations with satellite-level optical performance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1364\/ao.392187","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,14]],"date-time":"2020-05-14T16:31:35Z","timestamp":1589473895000},"page":"5335","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Flight model characterization of the wide-field off-axis telescope for the MATS satellite"],"prefix":"10.1364","volume":"59","author":[{"given":"Woojin","family":"Park","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5576-2553","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Arvid","family":"Hammar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2548-238X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Soojong","family":"Pak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seunghyuk","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J\u00f6rg","family":"Gumbel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linda","family":"Megner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ole Martin","family":"Christensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jordan","family":"Rouse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dae Wook","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"285","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ao-59-17-5335-R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-20-431-2020","volume":"20","author":"Gumbel","year":"2020","journal-title":"Atmos. 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