{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T07:16:05Z","timestamp":1773213365906,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Optica Publishing Group","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,3]],"date-time":"2021-08-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1627948800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/OA_License_v1#VOR"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,3]],"date-time":"2021-08-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1627948800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/opg.optica.org\/policies\/opg-tdm-policy.json"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000070","name":"National Institute of Biomedical Imaging\n\t\t\t\t\t\tand Bioengineering","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["EB026646"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EB026646"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000070","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["opg.optica.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Appl. Opt."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,10]]},"abstract":"Imaging probes are an important consideration for any type of contrast\n\t\t\t\t\tagent-based imaging method. X-ray luminescence imaging (XLI) and x-ray\n\t\t\t\t\tluminescence computed tomography (XLCT) are both contrast agent-based\n\t\t\t\t\timaging methods that employ x-ray excitable scintillating imaging\n\t\t\t\t\tprobes that emit light to be measured for optical imaging. In this\n\t\t\t\t\twork, we compared the performance of several select imaging probes,\n\t\t\t\t\tboth commercial and self-synthesized, for application in XLI\/XLCT\n\t\t\t\t\timaging. Commercially available cadmium telluride quantum dots (CdTe\n\t\t\t\t\tQDs) and europium-doped gadolinium oxysulfide (GOS:Eu) microphosphor\n\t\t\t\t\tas well as synthesized \n \n\t\n\t \n\t N<\/mml:mi>\n\t a<\/mml:mi>\n\t G<\/mml:mi>\n\t d<\/mml:mi>\n\t <\/mml:mrow>\n\t<\/mml:mrow>\n\t\n\t \n\t \n\t \n\t\tF<\/mml:mi>\n\t <\/mml:mrow>\n\t <\/mml:mrow>\n\t 4<\/mml:mn>\n\t <\/mml:msub>\n\t<\/mml:mrow>\n <\/mml:math>\n <\/jats:inline-formula> nanophosphors doped with either\n\t\t\t\t\teuropium or terbium were compared through their x-ray luminescence\n\t\t\t\t\temission spectra, luminescence intensity, and also by performing XLCT\n\t\t\t\t\tscans using phantoms embedded with each of the imaging probes. Each\n\t\t\t\t\timaging probe displayed a unique emission spectrum that was ideal for\n\t\t\t\t\tdeep-tissue optical imaging. In terms of luminescence intensity, due\n\t\t\t\t\tto the large particle size, GOS:Eu had the brightest emission,\n\t\t\t\t\tfollowed by \n \n\t\n\t \n\t N<\/mml:mi>\n\t a<\/mml:mi>\n\t G<\/mml:mi>\n\t d<\/mml:mi>\n\t <\/mml:mrow>\n\t<\/mml:mrow>\n\t\n\t \n\t \n\t \n\t\tF<\/mml:mi>\n\t <\/mml:mrow>\n\t <\/mml:mrow>\n\t 4<\/mml:mn>\n\t <\/mml:msub>\n\t<\/mml:mrow>\n\t:<\/mml:mo>\n\t\n\t \n\t T<\/mml:mi>\n\t b<\/mml:mi>\n\t <\/mml:mrow>\n\t<\/mml:mrow>\n <\/mml:math>\n <\/jats:inline-formula>, \n \n\t\n\t \n\t N<\/mml:mi>\n\t a<\/mml:mi>\n\t G<\/mml:mi>\n\t d<\/mml:mi>\n\t <\/mml:mrow>\n\t<\/mml:mrow>\n\t\n\t \n\t \n\t \n\t\tF<\/mml:mi>\n\t <\/mml:mrow>\n\t <\/mml:mrow>\n\t 4<\/mml:mn>\n\t <\/mml:msub>\n\t<\/mml:mrow>\n\t:<\/mml:mo>\n\t\n\t \n\t E<\/mml:mi>\n\t u<\/mml:mi>\n\t <\/mml:mrow>\n\t<\/mml:mrow>\n <\/mml:math>\n <\/jats:inline-formula>, and finally the CdTe QDs. Lastly,\n\t\t\t\t\tXLCT scans showed that each imaging probe could be reconstructed with\n\t\t\t\t\tgood shape and location accuracy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1364\/ao.431080","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,8]],"date-time":"2021-07-08T19:00:09Z","timestamp":1625770809000},"page":"6769","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Contrast agents for x-ray luminescence computed tomography"],"prefix":"10.1364","volume":"60","author":[{"given":"Michael C.","family":"Lun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Meenakshi","family":"Ranasinghe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohammad","family":"Arifuzzaman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yile","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yiping","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey N.","family":"Anker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Changqing","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"285","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ao-60-23-6769-R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"010902","DOI":"10.1117\/1.JBO.26.1.010902","volume":"26","author":"Pogue","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. 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