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Opt."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,1]]},"abstract":"\n Toxic and low-pressure deep-ultraviolet (DUV) mercury lamps have been used widely for applications of surface disinfection and water sterilization. The exposure of pathogens to 254\u00a0nm DUV radiations has been proven to be an effective and environmentally safe way to inactivate germs as well as viruses in short time. To replace toxic mercury DUV lamps, an\n \n \n \n \n \n \n n<\/mml:mi>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n +<\/mml:mo>\n <\/mml:msup>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n -<\/mml:mtext>\n \n A<\/mml:mi>\n l<\/mml:mi>\n G<\/mml:mi>\n a<\/mml:mi>\n N<\/mml:mi>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n <\/mml:math>\n <\/jats:inline-formula>\n tunnel junction (TJ)-based DUV light-emitting diode (LED) at 254\u00a0nm emission has been investigated. The studied conventional LED device has maximum internal quantum efficiency (IQE) of 50% with an efficiency droop of 18% at\n \n \n \n \n 200<\/mml:mn>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n \n \n \n A<\/mml:mi>\n \n \/<\/mml:mo>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n c<\/mml:mi>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n \n \n \n \n m<\/mml:mi>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n 2<\/mml:mn>\n <\/mml:msup>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n <\/mml:math>\n <\/jats:inline-formula>\n . In contrast, the calculated results show that a maximum IQE of 82% with a 3% efficiency droop under a relatively higher injection current was estimated by employing a 5\u00a0nm thin\n \n \n \n \n \n \n n<\/mml:mi>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n +<\/mml:mo>\n <\/mml:msup>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n -<\/mml:mtext>\n \n \n A<\/mml:mi>\n l<\/mml:mi>\n G<\/mml:mi>\n a<\/mml:mi>\n N<\/mml:mi>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n <\/mml:math>\n <\/jats:inline-formula>\n TJ with a 0.70 aluminum molar fraction. In addition, the TJ LED emitted power has been improved significantly by 2.5 times compared with a conventional LED structure. Such an efficient\n \n \n \n \n \n \n n<\/mml:mi>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n +<\/mml:mo>\n <\/mml:msup>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n -<\/mml:mtext>\n \n \n A<\/mml:mi>\n l<\/mml:mi>\n G<\/mml:mi>\n a<\/mml:mi>\n N<\/mml:mi>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n <\/mml:math>\n <\/jats:inline-formula>\n TJ-based DUV LED at 254\u00a0nm emission might open a new way, to the best of our knowledge, for the development of safe and efficient germicidal irradiation sources.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1364\/ao.473561","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,29]],"date-time":"2022-09-29T12:01:10Z","timestamp":1664452870000},"page":"9186","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Proposing the n\n +<\/sup>\n -AlGaN tunnel junction for\u00a0an\u00a0efficient deep-ultraviolet light-emitting diode\u00a0at\u00a0254\u2009\u2009nm emission"],"prefix":"10.1364","volume":"61","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8531-4695","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Muhammad Nawaz","family":"Sharif","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04ypx8c21","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5171-6215","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Muhammad Ajmal","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Riken Cluster for Pioneering Research"},{"name":"Farmroid Co., Ltd."},{"name":"RIKEN Baton Zone Program, Virus Inactivation LED Laboratory"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qamar","family":"Wali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Applied Sciences & Humanities, National University of Technology Islamabad"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pengfei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04ypx8c21","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04ypx8c21","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Zhengzhou Way Do Electronics Co. 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