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Opt."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,20]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>For Earth observation remote sensing, high quality reflectance spectra\n\t\t\t\t\tare necessary for model input, algorithm development, and validation\n\t\t\t\t\tof derived products. In the aquatic environment, a common approach for\n\t\t\t\t\tmaking spectral reflectance measurements involves using a calibrated\n\t\t\t\t\treflectance standard such as a Spectralon plaque underwater. The\n\t\t\t\t\tmanufacturer provides a National Institute of Standards and Technology\n\t\t\t\t\ttraceable reflectance curve with each standard, measured in air. Here,\n\t\t\t\t\twe demonstrate how the reflectance factor changes when submerged in\n\t\t\t\t\twater based on the standard albedo and viewing geometry. Target\n\t\t\t\t\treflectances calculated incorrectly with the air calibrated values are\n\t\t\t\t\t10%\u201360% lower than those estimated with submerged plaque\n\t\t\t\t\tcalibrations. We provide guidelines for proper use and calibration of\n\t\t\t\t\tstandards underwater.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1364\/ao.493709","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,28]],"date-time":"2023-07-28T13:00:05Z","timestamp":1690549205000},"page":"6299","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Underwater spectral reflectance measurements: the reflectance standard submersion factor and its impact on derived target reflectance"],"prefix":"10.1364","volume":"62","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8848-4841","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Brandon J.","family":"Russell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Connecticut"},{"name":"Labsphere, Inc."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heidi M.","family":"Dierssen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Connecticut"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"285","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ao-62-24-6299-R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8685","DOI":"10.1364\/AO.52.008685","volume":"52","author":"Gilerson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Appl. 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