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Opt."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The authors propose a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor based on photonic crystal fibers (PCFs) using three hexagonal ring lattices. The sensor can detect biomolecules with maximum wavelength and amplitude sensitivities of 23,000\u00a0nm\/RIU and 1310.93RIU\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    , respectively, in the RI range of 1.32 to 1.42. It can detect infected red blood cells with\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Plasmodium falciparum<\/jats:italic>\n                    for RIs of 1.402, 1.373, 1.395, and 1.383 in various malaria-infected red blood cell stages, including ring phase, trophozoite phase, and schizont phase. Furthermore, the sensor will be able to detect biomolecules such as viruses, proteins, DNA\/RNA strands, acetone, ethanol, hexane, isopropanol, hexanol, formic acid, allyl cyanide, and others in its range. With these impressive results and identification capacity, the proposed sensor would benefit the biomaterial field and be appropriate for the early identification of malaria disease.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1364\/ao.521186","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,5]],"date-time":"2024-03-05T11:02:06Z","timestamp":1709636526000},"page":"2552","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Numerical analysis and early detection of\u00a0Plasmodium falciparum using a high performance\u00a0plasmonic biosensor with an external sensing\u00a0approach"],"prefix":"10.1364","volume":"63","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2400-3455","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Tazin","family":"Fatema","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/049ysg747","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8774-7534","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sumaya","family":"Arafin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/049ysg747","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-1798-3354","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sohanur","family":"Rahman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/049ysg747","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3491-5167","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Md. 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