{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T15:57:18Z","timestamp":1791475038569,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Optica Publishing Group","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761696000000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":365,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/OA_License_v2#AM"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,29]],"date-time":"2024-10-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730160000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/opg.optica.org\/policies\/opg-tdm-policy.json"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000006","name":"Office of Naval Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["N00014-22-1-2014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N00014-22-1-2014"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000006","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["opg.optica.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Appl. Opt."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>We design, manufacture, and characterize a high-numerical-aperture (NA=0.88, f\/0.27), multi-wavelength (480\u00a0nm, 550\u00a0nm, and 650\u00a0nm) multilevel diffractive microlens array (MLA). This MLA achieves multi-wavelength focusing with a depth of focus (DoF) twice the diffraction-limited value. Each microlens in the array is closely packed with a diameter of 70\u00a0\u00b5m and a focal length of 19\u00a0\u00b5m in air. The MLA is patterned on one surface of a polymer film via UV casting, positioning the focal plane at the distal end of the polymer film. Each microlens focuses light at three design wavelengths into a focal spot with an estimated FWHM of \u223c310nm. By placing this MLA directly on a standard high-resolution banknote print (minimum feature width of 10\u201315\u00a0\u00b5m), we demonstrate color-integral imaging for anti-counterfeiting. In contrast, refractive MLAs cannot achieve high-NA, multi-wavelength focusing or extended DoF. The extended DoF of our MLA ensures reliable performance despite variations in the polymer film\u2019s thickness. Our MLA, produced via UV casting, enables extremely low-cost, high-volume production, making it ideal for flat optics in banknotes and document security.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1364\/ao.541419","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,9]],"date-time":"2024-10-09T08:00:08Z","timestamp":1728460808000},"page":"B1","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Low-cost, high-volume, manufacturable 0.88 NA multi-wavelength diffractive lens array for optical document security"],"prefix":"10.1364","volume":"64","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4192-0722","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Apratim","family":"Majumder","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03r0ha626","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-5862-7180","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Tina M.","family":"Hayward","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03r0ha626","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Stewart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Koenig and Bauer Banknote Solutions"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4777-376X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Rajesh","family":"Menon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03r0ha626","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Oblate Optics, Inc."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"285","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ao-64-7-B1-R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9066","DOI":"10.1364\/AO.45.009066","volume":"45","author":"Arai","year":"2006","journal-title":"Appl. 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All rights, including for text and data mining (TDM), Artificial Intelligence (AI) training, and similar technologies, are reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}