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Opt."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    We demonstrate a low-cost optical sensor for neonatal jaundice detection using 470\u00a0nm (bilirubin-sensitive) and 560\u00a0nm (hemoglobin isosbestic) LEDs. The system applies absorbance difference spectroscopy to isolate bilirubin signals in skin-mimicking phantoms, achieving 387mV\/mg\u22c5dL\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    sensitivity and 13.5% error versus spectrophotometry. Optical characterization confirms 470\u00a0nm penetration depth (\u22480.65mm) in neonatal dermis. A machine learning classifier predicts risk severity with 99.5% accuracy. Comparative analysis shows a superior cost-performance trade-off versus reflectance-based devices. This work enables accessible hyperbilirubinemia monitoring through optimized wavelength selection and transmission-mode detection.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1364\/ao.575790","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,12]],"date-time":"2026-01-12T14:00:10Z","timestamp":1768226410000},"page":"1242","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Multi-wavelength optical sensor for jaundice detection via absorbance difference spectroscopy"],"prefix":"10.1364","volume":"65","author":[{"given":"Doaa","family":"Bahbry","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"AlSafran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marwah","family":"Alotaibi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wala\u2019a","family":"Almuraikhi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wael","family":"Yafooz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Taibah University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohammed","family":"Al-Hariri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1502-3582","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Gameel","family":"Saleh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"285","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ao-65-4-1242-R1","first-page":"258","article-title":"Liver and biliary system","volume-title":"Jubb, Kennedy & Palmer\u2019s Pathology of Domestic Animals","volume":"2","author":"CullenMaxie","year":"2016"},{"key":"ao-65-4-1242-R2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6154","DOI":"10.3390\/s24186154","type":"journal-article","volume":"24","author":"Crivellaro","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"ao-65-4-1242-R3","first-page":"51","article-title":"Bilirubin metabolism and its disorders","volume-title":"Hepatology: An Evidence-Based Clinical Compendium","volume":"1","author":"Roy-ChowdhurySatapathy","year":"2024"},{"key":"ao-65-4-1242-R4","article-title":"Neonatal jaundice","volume-title":"StatPearls","author":"Ansong-Assoku","year":"2024"},{"key":"ao-65-4-1242-R6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/S1875-9572(10)60027-7","type":"journal-article","volume":"51","author":"Cohen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pediatr. 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