{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T20:55:20Z","timestamp":1788900920070,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Optica Publishing Group","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]],"date-time":"2026-01-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769040000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/OA_License_v2#VOR"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]],"date-time":"2026-01-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769040000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/opg.optica.org\/policies\/opg-tdm-policy.json"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["opg.optica.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Appl. Opt."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The critical requirement for\n\t\t\t\t\tsecure image transmission in areas such as surveillance, medicine, and\n\t\t\t\t\tdigital forensics has increased the importance of visual information\n\t\t\t\t\tsecurity. Double random\n\t\t\t\t\tphase encryption (DRPE) has been extensively applied in optical image\n\t\t\t\t\tencryption owing to its feasibility in Fourier optics and its\n\t\t\t\t\tcapability to encrypt effectively in both the spatial and frequency\n\t\t\t\t\tdomains. However, despite these strengths, traditional DRPE techniques\n\t\t\t\t\thave serious drawbacks, including a limited key space, poor resistance\n\t\t\t\t\tto statistical attacks, and vulnerability to cryptographic exploration\n\t\t\t\t\tand known-plaintext attacks owing to the compromise of phase masks. To\n\t\t\t\t\taddress these issues, this study proposes an enhanced DRPE (EDRPE)\n\t\t\t\t\tsystem that combines chaotic key generation based on a logistic map\n\t\t\t\t\twith a dynamic substitution box (S-Box) that offers enhanced confusion\n\t\t\t\t\tand diffusion. Additionally, to address the possible Grover\u2019s attacks\n\t\t\t\t\ton image ciphers, we propose a feature-iterative XOR image encryption\n\t\t\t\t\t(FIXIE) algorithm that generates image-dependent keys across multiple\n\t\t\t\t\trounds. This new method, to the best of our knowledge, overcomes the\n\t\t\t\t\tinefficacy of classical DRPE by introducing a nonlinear, chaos-driven\n\t\t\t\t\titerative key evolution model, achieving improved security without\n\t\t\t\t\tcompromising computational efficiency. The simulation results indicate\n\t\t\t\t\tthat the proposed EDRPE-FIXIE framework achieves strong unified\n\t\t\t\t\taverage change intensity values, a high number of pixel change rates,\n\t\t\t\t\textremely weak correlation between adjacent encrypted pixels, and\n\t\t\t\t\tclose-to-ideal entropy. EDRPE-FIXIE fulfills the requirements for\n\t\t\t\t\treal-time and memory-restricted encryption services because these\n\t\t\t\t\timprovements are achieved without compromising memory or\n\t\t\t\t\tprocessing speed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1364\/ao.577753","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,6]],"date-time":"2025-11-06T13:00:09Z","timestamp":1762434009000},"page":"1072","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Enhanced double random phase encryption with logistic map keying and iterative diffusion"],"prefix":"10.1364","volume":"65","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4003-2061","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"M.","family":"Karmany","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"UMR 6285 CNRS, ENSTA Institut Polytechnique de Paris"},{"name":"Yncr\u00e9a Ouest\/ISEN Brest"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Moawad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Arab Academy for Science, Technology and Maritime Transport"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Abaza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Arab Academy for Science, Technology and Maritime Transport"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Afalou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yncr\u00e9a Ouest\/ISEN Brest"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4144-8832","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"A.","family":"Mansour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UMR 6285 CNRS, ENSTA Institut Polytechnique de Paris"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"285","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ao-65-4-1072-R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1364\/OL.20.000767","type":"journal-article","volume":"20","author":"Refregier","year":"1995","journal-title":"Opt. 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All rights, including\n\t\t\t\t\tfor text and data mining (TDM), Artificial Intelligence (AI) training,\n\t\t\t\t\tand similar technologies, are reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}