{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T11:22:32Z","timestamp":1785410552080,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Optica Publishing Group","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]],"date-time":"2026-01-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768348800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/OA_License_v2#VOR"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]],"date-time":"2026-01-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768348800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/opg.optica.org\/policies\/opg-tdm-policy.json"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["62405213"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62405213"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["62375202"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62375202"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006606","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin Municipality","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["24JCQNJC01550"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["24JCQNJC01550"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006606","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009110","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2025D01C101"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025D01C101"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009110","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"The Foundation of Hubei Key Laboratory of Modern Manufacturing Quality Engineering","award":["KFJJ-2025002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KFJJ-2025002"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["opg.optica.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Appl. Opt."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The safety of Chinese herbal medicines (CHMs) is compromised by heavy metal\n\t\t\t\t\tcontamination, particularly lead (Pb\n                    <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                    ), which requires ultrasensitive\n\t\t\t\t\tdetection methods to mitigate health risks. Herein, we report a gold\n\t\t\t\t\tnanoparticle (AuNP)-amplified whispering gallery mode (WGM) biosensor\n\t\t\t\t\tfor highly sensitive and specific Pb\n                    <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                    monitoring. The sensing platform\n\t\t\t\t\tleverages the strong volumetric effect of AuNPs to magnify subtle DNA\n\t\t\t\t\tconformational changes induced by Pb\n                    <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                    -dependent DNAzyme cleavage. When the\n\t\t\t\t\tDNAzyme cleaves its substrate strand, AuNP-tagged oligonucleotides are\n\t\t\t\t\treleased, causing a pronounced shift in the WGM resonance wavelength.\n\t\t\t\t\tThe incorporation of AuNPs significantly enhanced detection\n\t\t\t\t\tsensitivity, achieving a limit of detection of 14.15\u00a0nM\u2014a notable\n\t\t\t\t\timprovement over AuNP-free systems. The sensor demonstrated excellent\n\t\t\t\t\tselectivity against interfering species and successfully quantified Pb\n                    <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                    in complex CHM samples such as goji\n\t\t\t\t\tberry and astragalus, showing high consistency with standard ICP-MS\n\t\t\t\t\tmeasurements. This AuNP-enhanced WGM strategy offers a powerful tool\n\t\t\t\t\tfor quality assurance in medicinal products and environmental safety\n\t\t\t\t\tmonitoring.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1364\/ao.580699","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,19]],"date-time":"2025-12-19T14:00:10Z","timestamp":1766152810000},"page":"835","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["AuNP-enhanced DNA microcavity for the highly sensitive detection of lead ions in Chinese herbal medicines"],"prefix":"10.1364","volume":"65","author":[{"given":"Ruijie","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/012tb2g32","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8261-8298","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ziyihui","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/012tb2g32","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-4284-8039","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ziyi","family":"Hou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/012tb2g32","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bahetiguli","family":"Asilibieke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yili Normal University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaofang","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanxi Jinshuo Biomedical Technology Co., Ltd."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianying","family":"Jing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/012tb2g32","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2460-6851","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Kun","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/012tb2g32","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0393-8451","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Junfeng","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/012tb2g32","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tiegen","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/012tb2g32","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing Metrology and Measurement, State Administration for Market Regulation"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"285","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ao-65-3-835-R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125142","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2021.125142","type":"journal-article","volume":"412","author":"Yang","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. 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All rights, including for text and data mining (TDM), Artificial Intelligence (AI) training, and similar technologies, are reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}