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Using laboratory experiments and Monte Carlo simulations, we investigate the structure of the caustic formed by a vertical rod and discuss several aspects of it: the caustic\u2019s shape, brightness, and color; the \u201cpinch\u201d (distortion of the shadow); and the formation of a \u201cdark halo\u201d around it, all as functions of rod radius, water depth, and sun angle.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1364\/ao.580760","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,25]],"date-time":"2025-11-25T13:00:10Z","timestamp":1764075610000},"page":"C7","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Optical effects from the menisci of emergent rods in shallow water"],"prefix":"10.1364","volume":"65","author":[{"given":"Charles L.","family":"Adler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01y2d1w05","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David K.","family":"Lynch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Thule Scientific"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"285","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ao-65-9-C7-R1","volume-title":"Natural Focusing and Fine Structure of Light: Caustics and Wave Dislocations","author":"Nye","year":"1999"},{"key":"ao-65-9-C7-R2","first-page":"491","article-title":"Catastrophe theory and its applications","volume-title":"Surveys and Reference Works in Mathematics","volume":"xviii","author":"Poston","year":"1978"},{"key":"ao-65-9-C7-R3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"774","DOI":"10.1119\/1.1974237","type":"journal-article","volume":"35","author":"Adler","year":"1967","journal-title":"Am. 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All rights, including for text and data mining (TDM), Artificial Intelligence (AI) training, and similar technologies, are reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}