{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T09:18:00Z","timestamp":1785403080396,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Optica Publishing Group","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,26]],"date-time":"2026-05-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779753600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/OA_License_v2#VOR"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,26]],"date-time":"2026-05-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779753600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/opg.optica.org\/policies\/opg-tdm-policy.json"}],"funder":[{"name":"Shanghai Science and Technology Innovation Action Plan","award":["22dz208700"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22dz208700"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002367","name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["18123KYSB20210013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["18123KYSB20210013"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002367","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"},{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/034t30j35","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["opg.optica.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Appl. Opt."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    We developed a high-energy pulsed laser at 1572\u00a0nm based on an all-fiber master oscillator power amplifier (MOPA) for coherent lidar detection of carbon dioxide profiles. By applying two acoustic-optic modulators (AOMs), the signal-to-noise ratio of the output signal is greater than 50\u00a0dB. Near-Gaussian pulses are realized by modulating the first AOM with a specifically designed asymmetric triangular wave. The optical-to-optical conversion efficiency of the main amplifier is improved to 7.2% with water cooling and is nearly doubled compared to that under air cooling conditions. The efficiency reaches a high level in 1572\u00a0nm amplification with erbium\u2013ytterbium co-doped fibers pumped by 976\u00a0nm laser diodes. The system delivers 140\u00a0\u00b5J pulses at a 10\u00a0kHz repetition rate with a 400\u00a0ns pulse width and a peak power of 350\u00a0W. The output pulse exhibits a 2\u00a0MHz linewidth and stable energy with a root-mean-square (RMS) energy deviation of only 2.2% in 90\u00a0min. The laser generates pulses with beam quality factors (M\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    ) of 1.63 in the\n                    <jats:italic>x<\/jats:italic>\n                    direction and 1.68 in the\n                    <jats:italic>y<\/jats:italic>\n                    direction. The overall performance of the laser system meets the requirements for high-precision carbon dioxide coherent lidar detection.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1364\/ao.595917","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]],"date-time":"2026-05-06T16:00:08Z","timestamp":1778083208000},"page":"5405","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["All-fiber high-energy pulsed laser at 1572\u2009\u2009nm for coherent detection of atmospheric CO\n                    <sub>2<\/sub>\n                    concentration"],"prefix":"10.1364","volume":"65","author":[{"given":"Zhonghui","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03g897070","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03g897070","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cuiyun","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03g897070","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaopeng","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03g897070","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiqiao","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03g897070","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weibiao","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03g897070","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"285","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ao-65-16-5405-R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"170452","DOI":"10.12086\/oee.2018.170452","type":"journal-article","volume":"45","author":"Hong","year":"2018","journal-title":"Opto-Electron. 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All rights, including for text and data mining (TDM), Artificial Intelligence (AI) training, and similar technologies, are reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}