{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T18:05:40Z","timestamp":1785434740763,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Optica Publishing Group","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778803200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/OA_License_v2#VOR-OA"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778803200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/opg.optica.org\/policies\/opg-tdm-policy.json"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000104","name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["80NM0018D0004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["80NM0018D0004"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000104","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"},{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/027ka1x80","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000104","name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["80NM0022F0020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["80NM0022F0020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000104","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"},{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/027ka1x80","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["opg.optica.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Appl. Opt."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    We present a subsystem-isolated study of aircraft-level vibration coupling to a hyperfine laser lock and its propagation to a two-photon Rydberg superheterodyne RF sensor. Here, the probe laser is stabilized to an atomic hyperfine transition, and RF electric fields are detected via a Rydberg-atom superheterodyne process that down-converts the signal to an optical readout. A compact Doppler-free saturated-absorption spectroscopy (SAS) module probing the\n                    <jats:italic\/>\n                    <jats:sup>87<\/jats:sup>\n                    Rb 5\n                    <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>1\/2<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u21925\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>3\/2<\/jats:sub>\n                    hyperfine manifold was driven to NASA DC-8 in-flight vibration levels (&lt;2kHz) to investigate the effects of vibration on the stabilization of a 780\u00a0nm laser. The stabilized 780\u00a0nm probe was combined with a 480\u00a0nm coupling laser to excite a room-temperature Rydberg sensor to the 63\n                    <jats:italic>D<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>5\/2<\/jats:sub>\n                    state and driven for the RF superheterodyne detection via a \u223c8.35GHz local oscillator coupling to the 64\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>3\/2<\/jats:sub>\n                    state (RF 100\u00a0kHz detuned). Under nominal PID settings, vibration introduced low-frequency noise but did not cause the laser to unlock nor did it degrade the atomic RF readout. Probe wavemeter Allan deviations remain \u27e860kHzat\n                    <jats:italic>\u03c4<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u27e920s at with and without vibration, indicating no loss of lock or MHz-scale drift. Independent frequency-noise-density measurements show no measurable difference between vibration and no-vibration conditions under nominal PID settings. The Rydberg spectrum showed &lt;10% RF-amplitude deviation and a sensitivity of \u223c1.5\u00d710\n                    <jats:sup>\u22125<\/jats:sup>\n                    Vm\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    Hz\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121\/2<\/jats:sup>\n                    . Increasing integral gain by &gt;10\n                    <jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\n                    transferred vibration noise to the servo, elevating low-frequency noise in the atomic RF spectrum, but with no measurable degradation of the RF sensing at 100\u00a0kHz detuning.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1364\/ao.596047","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T12:00:09Z","timestamp":1777636809000},"page":"5142","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Aircraft-level vibration effects on hyperfine laser locks for Rydberg electric-field sensing"],"prefix":"10.1364","volume":"65","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9697-3859","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Darmindra","family":"Arumugam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/027k65916","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brook","family":"Feyissa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/027k65916","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Devin","family":"Willey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/027k65916","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"285","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ao-65-15-5142-R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1749","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2011.2157679","type":"journal-article","volume":"11","author":"Kitching","year":"2011","journal-title":"IEEE Sensors J."},{"key":"ao-65-15-5142-R2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.3390\/bios12030165","type":"journal-article","volume":"12","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biosensors"},{"key":"ao-65-15-5142-R3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12300","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-30608-1","type":"journal-article","volume":"8","author":"M\u00e9noret","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. 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