{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T16:01:33Z","timestamp":1791216093931,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Optica Publishing Group","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,28]],"date-time":"2026-05-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779926400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/OA_License_v2#VOR"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,28]],"date-time":"2026-05-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779926400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/opg.optica.org\/policies\/opg-tdm-policy.json"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["opg.optica.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Appl. Opt."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>This work presents a unified multi-parameter framework for evaluating\n\t\t\t\t\ttunable one-dimensional defect photonic crystals based on\n\t\t\t\t\tsemiconductor (STO) and superconducting (SC) active layers. Unlike\n\t\t\t\t\tconventional approaches that rely solely on resonance shift, the\n\t\t\t\t\tproposed methodology incorporates spectral linewidth, quality factor\n\t\t\t\t\tstability, and a newly introduced trade-off index (TI) to quantify\n\t\t\t\t\ttuning efficiency under external fields. Using a transfer matrix\n\t\t\t\t\tmethod (TMM), the optical response of both structures is analyzed\n\t\t\t\t\tunder electric (STO) and magnetic (SC) control in the terahertz\n\t\t\t\t\tregime. The results reveal fundamentally different tuning mechanisms\n\t\t\t\t\tgoverned by material physics: the STO structure exhibits moderate\n\t\t\t\t\telectro-refractive tuning with stable spectral characteristics, while\n\t\t\t\t\tthe SC structure demonstrates significantly enhanced tunability due to\n\t\t\t\t\tstrong magneto-optical response, accompanied by Q-factor degradation.\n\t\t\t\t\tDespite operating in distinct spectral regions (\u223c160\u00b5m for STO and\u00a0\u223c745\u2212810\u00b5m for SC), the comparative analysis\n\t\t\t\t\tconfirms that performance differences arise primarily from intrinsic\n\t\t\t\t\tmaterial-dependent refractive index modulation rather than wavelength\n\t\t\t\t\tscaling. The SC-based structure achieves a substantial enhancement in\n\t\t\t\t\tperformance metrics, including \u223c51\u00d7 improvement in figure of merit and \u223c143\u00d7 increase in the proposed trade-off\n\t\t\t\t\tindex. Field-distribution analysis further confirms stronger\n\t\t\t\t\telectromagnetic confinement within the superconducting defect layer,\n\t\t\t\t\texplaining the observed linewidth reduction. The presented framework\n\t\t\t\t\tprovides a physically meaningful approach for evaluating tunable\n\t\t\t\t\tphotonic devices and offers new insights into balancing tunability and\n\t\t\t\t\tspectral stability in advanced terahertz photonic\n\t\t\t\t\tsystems.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1364\/ao.601791","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,11]],"date-time":"2026-05-11T15:00:09Z","timestamp":1778511609000},"page":"5619","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Beyond resonance shift: decoupling tunability and performance in semiconductor\u00a0and superconducting defect photonic crystals"],"prefix":"10.1364","volume":"65","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0795-378X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Arafa H.","family":"Aly","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05pn4yv70","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"285","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ao-65-16-5619-R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2059","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.58.2059","type":"journal-article","volume":"58","author":"Yablonovitch","year":"1987","journal-title":"Phys.\n\t\t\t\t\tRev. 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All rights, including\n\t\t\t\t\tfor text and data mining (TDM), Artificial Intelligence (AI) training,\n\t\t\t\t\tand similar technologies, are reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}