{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,5]],"date-time":"2026-09-05T04:36:35Z","timestamp":1788582995090,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Optica Publishing Group","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786060800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/OA_License_v2#VOR"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786060800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/opg.optica.org\/policies\/opg-tdm-policy.json"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Key Research and Development\n\t\t\t\t\t\tPlan Project","award":["2022YFB3903200"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFB3903200"]}]},{"name":"National Key Research and Development\n\t\t\t\t\t\tPlan Project","award":["2022YFB3903201"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFB3903201"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["opg.optica.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Appl. Opt."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Stray light is primarily induced by internal reflections and scattering\n\t\t\t\t\tfrom off-axis radiation, surface scratches or particulate\n\t\t\t\t\tcontamination on optical elements, and imperfections in diffraction\n\t\t\t\t\tgratings. It produces nonphysical distortions in measured spectra and\n\t\t\t\t\tradiometric quantities and is therefore a major contributor to the\n\t\t\t\t\tmeasurement uncertainty of imaging spectrometers. Because an imaging\n\t\t\t\t\tspectrometer simultaneously records two-dimensional responses, namely\n\t\t\t\t\tthe spectral and spatial dimensions, both dimensions should be\n\t\t\t\t\tcharacterized and corrected in a consistent manner. In current\n\t\t\t\t\tpractice, however, spectral domain and spatial domain stray light are\n\t\t\t\t\toften measured and corrected separately using different instruments\n\t\t\t\t\tand methodologies. This not only increases experimental complexity and\n\t\t\t\t\ttesting workload, but more critically, the two calibrations are\n\t\t\t\t\tfrequently performed using different targets and different radiance\n\t\t\t\t\tlevels. The resulting mismatch in response magnitude between the\n\t\t\t\t\tspectral and spatial domains can undermine the accuracy and physical\n\t\t\t\t\tvalidity of the derived two-dimensional correction coefficients. To\n\t\t\t\t\taddress this issue, this study proposes a two-dimensional synchronous\n\t\t\t\t\tstray light detection and joint correction method for imaging\n\t\t\t\t\tspectrometers and develops a dedicated synchronous measurement\n\t\t\t\t\tplatform. Under a single experimental configuration, the same target\n\t\t\t\t\tis measured at the same response level to acquire both spectral and\n\t\t\t\t\tspatial stray light responses. A two-dimensional stray light\n\t\t\t\t\tcorrection matrix is then constructed and applied for pixel level\n\t\t\t\t\tjoint correction. In parallel, optical mechanical stray light\n\t\t\t\t\tsimulations are performed using a stray light analysis tool to verify\n\t\t\t\t\tthe consistency of the underlying mechanisms and to cross-validate the\n\t\t\t\t\texperimental results. The measurements yield stray light coefficients\n\t\t\t\t\tof 0.02% in the spectral dimension and 0.05% in the spatial dimension,\n\t\t\t\t\tand the spatial domain result is consistent in order of magnitude with\n\t\t\t\t\tthe two-dimensional simulation outcome of 0.013%, demonstrating the\n\t\t\t\t\teffectiveness of the proposed synchronous detection approach. After\n\t\t\t\t\tapplying the spatial domain correction, the stray light coefficient is\n\t\t\t\t\treduced to 0.012%, representing an improvement by a factor of 4.5\n\t\t\t\t\tcompared with the pre-correction level, which further confirms the\n\t\t\t\t\teffectiveness of the proposed two-dimensional synchronous stray light\n\t\t\t\t\tcorrection method.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1364\/ao.603761","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T12:00:08Z","timestamp":1784030408000},"page":"8015","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Two-dimensional synchronous stray light detection and correction method\n\t\t\t\tfor imaging spectrometers"],"prefix":"10.1364","volume":"65","author":[{"given":"Xinrui","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences"},{"name":"University of Science and Technology of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Quan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Enchao","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"285","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ao-65-23-8015-R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1117\/12.936372","type":"journal-article","volume":"430","author":"Labaw","year":"1983","journal-title":"Proc.\n\t\t\t\t\tSPIE"},{"key":"ao-65-23-8015-R2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108347","DOI":"10.1016\/j.optlaseng.2024.108347","type":"journal-article","volume":"180","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Opt.\n\t\t\t\t\tLasers Eng."},{"key":"ao-65-23-8015-R3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2885","DOI":"10.3390\/s24092885","type":"journal-article","volume":"24","author":"Ivliev","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"ao-65-23-8015-R4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.3390\/rs9070649","type":"journal-article","volume":"9","author":"Coppo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Remote Sens."},{"key":"ao-65-23-8015-R5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1109\/MGRS.2019.2927687","type":"journal-article","volume":"7","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Geosci. 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All rights, including\n\t\t\t\t\tfor text and data mining (TDM), Artificial Intelligence (AI) training,\n\t\t\t\t\tand similar technologies, are reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}