{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T15:56:30Z","timestamp":1790870190283,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Optica Publishing Group","issue":"29","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/OA_License_v2#VOR"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/opg.optica.org\/policies\/opg-tdm-policy.json"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["opg.optica.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Appl. Opt."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>We investigate the optical properties of a one-dimensional topological\n\t\t\t\t\tphotonic crystal heterostructure in which one constituent layer is\n\t\t\t\t\tdoped with silver nanoparticles. The structure comprises two photonic\n\t\t\t\t\tcrystals with identical photonic band gaps but distinct topological\n\t\t\t\t\tcharacteristics, enabling the formation of localized interface states.\n\t\t\t\t\tUsing the transfer matrix method and effective-medium theory, we\n\t\t\t\t\tanalyze the effects of metallic (silver-nanoparticle) inclusions, on\n\t\t\t\t\tthe photonic band structure, reflection phase, transmission spectrum,\n\t\t\t\t\tand absorption. The results show that topologically protected\n\t\t\t\t\tinterface states emerge within photonic band gaps exhibiting a\n\t\t\t\t\ttopological mismatch and persist despite metallic losses. Metallic\n\t\t\t\t\tinclusions provide a tunable mechanism for controlling the resonant\n\t\t\t\t\twavelength, linewidth, and transmission of these states. Increasing\n\t\t\t\t\tthe filling fraction induces a redshift and resonance broadening due\n\t\t\t\t\tto an enhanced effective refractive index and increased absorption,\n\t\t\t\t\twhile variations in nanoparticle size primarily affect damping and\n\t\t\t\t\ttransmission efficiency. Despite these changes, the spatial\n\t\t\t\t\tlocalization profile of the interface state remains robust, confirming\n\t\t\t\t\tits topological nature. The angular response exhibits strong\n\t\t\t\t\tpolarization dependence, with TM states showing greater resilience to\n\t\t\t\t\tloss under oblique incidence. These findings demonstrate the interplay\n\t\t\t\t\tbetween effective-medium response of metallic inclusions and\n\t\t\t\t\ttopological protection and provide practical guidance for designing\n\t\t\t\t\ttunable, robust photonic devices based on hybrid\n\t\t\t\t\tmetallic-nanoparticle\u2013topological structures.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1364\/ao.609083","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T13:00:09Z","timestamp":1789477209000},"page":"10006","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Tunable topological interface states in a one-dimensional photonic crystal heterostructure with metallic nanoparticle inclusions"],"prefix":"10.1364","volume":"65","author":[{"given":"Murtadha","family":"Jawad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01papkj44","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1699-9114","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Samad Roshan","family":"Entezar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01papkj44","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"285","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ao-65-29-10006-R1","first-page":"33","volume-title":"Molding the Flow of\n\t\t\t\t\tLight","volume":"12","author":"Joannopoulos","year":"2008"},{"key":"ao-65-29-10006-R2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4505","DOI":"10.1039\/C5RA21373H","type":"journal-article","volume":"6","author":"Shen","year":"2016","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"ao-65-29-10006-R3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"015006","DOI":"10.1103\/RevModPhys.91.015006","type":"journal-article","volume":"91","author":"Ozawa","year":"2019","journal-title":"Rev. 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All rights, including\n\t\t\t\t\tfor text and data mining (TDM), Artificial Intelligence (AI) training,\n\t\t\t\t\tand similar technologies, are reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}