{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T16:20:07Z","timestamp":1788538807369,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Optica Publishing Group","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,14]],"date-time":"2022-02-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1644796800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/OA_License_v2#VOR-OA"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,14]],"date-time":"2022-02-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1644796800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/opg.optica.org\/policies\/opg-tdm-policy.json"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014188","name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South\n\t\t\t\t\t\tKorea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2019H1D3A2A02101784"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019H1D3A2A02101784"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014188","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research\n\t\t\t\t\t\tCouncil","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["APP1180854"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["APP1180854"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["opg.optica.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biomed. Opt. Express"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography (PS-OCT) derived\n\t\t\t\t\tbirefringence values effectively identify skeletal muscle structural\n\t\t\t\t\tdisruption due to muscular dystrophy and exercise-related muscle\n\t\t\t\t\tdamage in animal models in <jats:italic>ex vivo<\/jats:italic> tissue. The\n\t\t\t\t\tpurpose of this investigation was to determine if a PS-OCT needle\n\t\t\t\t\tprobe inserted into the leg of a human subject could accurately\n\t\t\t\t\tidentify various anatomical structures with implications for use as a\n\t\t\t\t\tdiagnostic tool for the determination of skeletal muscle pathology. A\n\t\t\t\t\thealthy middle-aged subject participated in this study. A custom-built\n\t\t\t\t\tPS-OCT system was interfaced with a side-viewing fiber-optic needle\n\t\t\t\t\tprobe inserted into the subject\u2019s vastus lateralis muscle via a\n\t\t\t\t\tmotorized stage for 3D data acquisition via rotation and stepwise\n\t\t\t\t\tpullback. The deepest recorded PS-OCT images correspond to a depth of\n\t\t\t\t\t6\u2005mm beneath the dermis with structural images showing uniform,\n\t\t\t\t\tstriated muscle tissue. Multiple highly birefringent band-like\n\t\t\t\t\tstructures with definite orientation representing connective tissue of\n\t\t\t\t\tthe superficial aponeurosis appeared as the depth of the needle\n\t\t\t\t\tdecreased. Superficial to these structures the dominating appearance\n\t\t\t\t\twas that of adipose tissue and low birefringent but homogeneous\n\t\t\t\t\tscattering tissue. The data indicate that a PS-OCT needle probe can be\n\t\t\t\t\tinserted into live human skeletal muscle for the identification of\n\t\t\t\t\trelevant anatomical structures that could be utilized to diagnose\n\t\t\t\t\tsignificant skeletal muscle pathology.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1364\/boe.446169","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,3]],"date-time":"2022-02-03T06:30:09Z","timestamp":1643869809000},"page":"1386","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["In vivo PS-OCT needle probe scan of human skeletal muscle"],"prefix":"10.1364","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Jeffrey M.","family":"McBride","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Appalachian State University"},{"name":"Edith Cowan University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael J.","family":"Hackmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Western Australia"},{"name":"University of Western Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sophia","family":"Nimphius","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Edith Cowan University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7164-8053","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Barry","family":"Cense","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Western Australia"},{"name":"Yonsei University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"285","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"boe-13-3-1386-R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3495(89)82686-4","volume":"56","author":"Haskell","year":"1989","journal-title":"Biophys. 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