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Opt. Express"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Three-dimensional (3D) imaging of the human retina is instrumental in vision science and ophthalmology. While interferometric retinal imaging is well established by optical coherence tomography (OCT), non-interferometric volumetric imaging in the human retina has been challenging up to date. Here, we report confocal oblique scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (CoSLO) to fill that void and harness non-interferometric optical contrast in 3D. CoSLO decouples the illumination and detection by utilizing oblique laser scanning and oblique imaging to achieve \u223c4x better axial resolution than conventional SLO. By combining remote focusing, CoSLO permits the acquisition of depth signals in parallel and over a large field of view. Confocal gating is introduced by a linear sensor array to improve the contrast and resolution. For the first time, we reported non-interferometric 3D human retinal imaging with &gt;20\u00b0 viewing angle, and revealed detailed features in the inner, outer retina, and choroid. CoSLO shows potential to be another useful technique by offering 3D non-interferometric contrasts.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1364\/boe.457408","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,16]],"date-time":"2022-05-16T15:30:10Z","timestamp":1652715010000},"page":"3576","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Non-interferometric volumetric imaging in living human retina by confocal oblique scanning laser ophthalmoscopy"],"prefix":"10.1364","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Wenjun","family":"Shao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Johns Hopkins University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6583-7192","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ji","family":"Yi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Johns Hopkins University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"285","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"boe-13-6-3576-R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.24.1.82","volume":"24","author":"Novotny","year":"1961","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"boe-13-6-3576-R2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4832","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.14-14802","volume":"55","author":"Ach","year":"2014","journal-title":"Invest. 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