{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T02:53:24Z","timestamp":1787021604342,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Optica Publishing Group","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,7]],"date-time":"2022-07-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1657152000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/OA_License_v2#VOR-OA"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,7]],"date-time":"2022-07-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1657152000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/opg.optica.org\/policies\/opg-tdm-policy.json"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002806","name":"Carl Zeiss Meditec inc","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002806","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100017024","name":"Salah Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100017024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001818","name":"Research to Prevent Blindness","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001818","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000053","name":"National Eye Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30EY014801"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30EY014801"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000053","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000053","name":"National Eye Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01EY028753"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01EY028753"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000053","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["opg.optica.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biomed. Opt. Express"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    An automated depth-resolved algorithm using optical attenuation coefficients (OACs) was developed to visualize, localize, and quantify hyperreflective foci (HRF) seen on OCT imaging that are associated with macular hyperpigmentation and represent an increased risk of disease progression in age related macular degeneration. To achieve this, we first transformed the OCT scans to linear representation, which were then contrasted by OACs. HRF were visualized and localized within the entire scan by differentiating HRF within the retina from HRF along the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). The total pigment burden was quantified using the\n                    <jats:italic>en face<\/jats:italic>\n                    sum projection of an OAC slab between the inner limiting membrane (ILM) to Bruch\u2019s membrane (BM). The manual total pigment burden measurements were also obtained by combining manual outlines of HRF in the B-scans with the total area of hypotransmission defects outlined on sub-RPE slabs, which was used as the reference to compare with those obtained from the automated algorithm. 6\u00d76\u2005mm swept-source OCT scans were collected from a total of 49 eyes from 42 patients with macular HRF. We demonstrate that the algorithm was able to automatically distinguish between HRF within the retina and HRF along the RPE. In 24 test eyes, the total pigment burden measurements by the automated algorithm were compared with measurements obtained from manual segmentations. A significant correlation was found between the total pigment area measurements from the automated and manual segmentations (P\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). The proposed automated algorithm based on OACs should be useful in studying eye diseases involving HRF.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1364\/boe.467623","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,29]],"date-time":"2022-06-29T03:30:10Z","timestamp":1656473410000},"page":"4175","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Depth-resolved visualization and automated quantification of hyperreflective foci on OCT scans using optical attenuation coefficients"],"prefix":"10.1364","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0068-5102","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Hao","family":"Zhou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Washington"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeremy","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Miami Miller School of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rita","family":"Laiginhas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Miami Miller School of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qinqin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Washington"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuxuan","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Washington"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Washington"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yingying","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Miami Miller School of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1336-1695","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mengxi","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Miami Miller School of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giovanni","family":"Gregori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Miami Miller School of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philip J.","family":"Rosenfeld","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Miami Miller School of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5169-8822","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ruikang K.","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Washington"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"285","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"boe-13-8-4175-R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.62.10.34","volume":"62","author":"Cao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Invest. 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