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Based on the recently proposed transformer-based architecture that learns to capture long-range dependencies by leveraging the self-attention mechanism, a hybrid convolutional neural network (CNN) and transformer model to encode both local and global features was developed to automatically detect IR and SS in AS-OCT images. Experiments demonstrated that our algorithm achieved a significantly better performance than state-of-the-art methods for AS-OCT and medical image analysis with a precision of 0.941, a sensitivity of 0.914, an F1 score of 0.927, and a mean absolute error (MAE) of 37.1\u00b125.3 \u00b5m for IR, and a precision of 0.805, a sensitivity of 0.847, an F1 score of 0.826, and an MAE of 41.4\u00b129.4 \u00b5m for SS, and a high agreement with expert human analysts for AC angle parameter measurement. We further demonstrated the application of the proposed method to evaluate the effect of cataract surgery with IOL implantation in a PACG patient and to assess the outcome of ICL implantation in a patient with high myopia with a potential risk of developing PACG. The proposed method can accurately detect IR and SS in AS-OCT images and effectively facilitate the AC angle parameter measurement for pre- and post-operative management of PACG.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1364\/boe.481419","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,22]],"date-time":"2023-02-22T22:00:07Z","timestamp":1677103207000},"page":"1378","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Automatic measurement of anterior chamber angle parameters in AS-OCT images using deep learning"],"prefix":"10.1364","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9990-4058","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Guangqian","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04qr3zq92","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaiwen","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04qr3zq92","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinhan","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanxi Eye Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuimiao","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanxi Eye Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chong","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04qr3zq92","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fang","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04qr3zq92","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaogang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanxi Eye Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3628-5699","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Zhao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04qr3zq92","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"285","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"boe-14-4-1378-R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2081","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2014.05.013","volume":"121","author":"Tham","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"boe-14-4-1378-R2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2014-306102","volume":"100","author":"Chan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Br. 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